The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the associated coronavirus disease 2019 have had a profound global and individual burden, with 1,610,909 confirmed cases and 99,690 confirmed deaths across 213 countries, areas, and territories at the time of writing (1).The highly transmissible nature of the novel coronavirus, its potential for asymptomatic transmission, and the lack of a curative treatment, has necessitated the enforcement of stringent social distancing and quarantine measures in order to limit the rate of infection-thereby reducing morbidity and mortality whilst also reducing the strain on rapidly saturating healthcare systems (2).Recent literature has identified that medical professionals account for COVID-19 patients due to their increased and repeated exposure to the virus (3). This unhappy truth, combined with a lack of testing and personal protective equipment for key workers, has, in some areas, seen a diminishment of the workforce and a reduction of our ability to combat the disease on both a local and international level (4).Multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTs) are defined by the United Kingdom's National Health Service as 'a group of professionals from one or more clinical disciplines who together make decisions regarding recommended treatment of individual patients' (5). They have become the clinical mainstay and gold-standard for the care of complex patients, in particular those with oncological malignancies. As such, their efficacy and cost-effectiveness is well documented in the literature (6)(7)(8).In this light, as MDTs in their current format necessitate face-to-face contact between multiple clinical teams, they have the potential to act as potent accelerators of viral transmission. This article evaluates the efficacy of virtual MDTs in the light of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as a means of reviewing patient care at a physical distance, thereby maintaining the safety of clinicians by minimizing the risk of infection.We conducted a survey of 50 practicing physicians who have been using virtual MDTs since mid-March of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (1 month at the time of writing). This evaluated their thoughts on whether or not virtual MDTs are a safe alternative to in-person MDTs and on how the shift to a virtual space may have affected the standard of patient care. This was achieved through comparison of opinions of virtual MDTs to in-person MDTs across eleven core criteria: accessibility; clinical decision process and consensus; clinical governance; communication; continuity

Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor is a newly defined entity under the neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors category in the 2016 World Health Organization classification of brain tumors. In this series, we report clinical, radiologic, and histologic findings in 7 cases of diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor. Our cases and literature review indicate that the most characteristic imaging finding is diffuse intracranial and intraspinal nodular leptomeningeal thickening and enhancement. This is often associated with small cyst-like, nonenhancing lesions. It should be noted that tumors sometimes bear nontypical features, for example, presenting as a solitary spinal cord mass without leptomeningeal involvement or with a dominant intracranial mass. In children with characteristic imaging findings and without clinical features of infection, the radiologist has an opportunity to promptly raise the possibility of diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor, and thereby, affect streamlined diagnostic evaluation.

Abstract:The recently published 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of the Central Nervous System (CNS) introduces a number of significant changes from the previous edition. Based on an improved understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of tumorigenesis there has been a shift towards defining tumours by means of these characteristics in addition to their histological features, thus providing an integrated diagnosis. In this article, we will provide a concise overview of the salient changes in the 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the CNS that are of relevance to the paediatric neuroradiologist when it comes to day-to-day reporting.

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Relapsing demyelinating syndromes (RDS) in children encompass a diverse spectrum of entities including multiple sclerosis (MS) acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), aquaporin-4 antibody associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOG-AD). In addition to these, there are "antibody-negative" demyelinating syndromes which are yet to be fully characterized and defined. The paucity of specific biomarkers and overlap in clinical presentations makes the distinction between these disease entities difficult at initial presentation and, as such, there is a heavy reliance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings to satisfy the criteria for treatment initiation and optimization. Misdiagnosis is not uncommon and is usually related to the inaccurate application of criteria or failure to identify potential clinical and radiological mimics. It is also notable that there are instances where AQP4 and MOG antibody testing may be falsely negative during initial clinical episodes, further complicating the issue. This article illustrates the typical clinico-radiological phenotypes associated with the known pediatric RDS at presentation and describes the neuroimaging mimics of these using a pattern-based approach in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord. Practical guidance on key distinguishing features in the form of clinical and radiological red flags are incorporated. A subsection on clinical mimics with characteristic imaging patterns that assist in establishing alternative diagnoses is also included.