Previous studies have established the relationship between service innovation orientation, open innovation and innovation performance in context of manufacturing firms. However, studies explore service innovation orientation, open innovation and innovation performance in context of medium and small private hospitals are scarce. The main objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between service innovation orientation, open innovation and innovation performance in medium and small private hospitals in India. A quantitative study using cross-sectional survey method was performed and the data were collected from 173 medium and small private hospitals in three northern states in India using purposive sampling. The findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between service innovation orientation and open innovation. It also shows that there is a positive relationship between open innovation and innovation performance. The findings also reveal that open innovation mediates the relationship between service innovation orientation and innovation performance. The study contributes to the understanding of health practitioners and policymakers about the usefulness of service innovation and open innovation to improve the innovation performance of medium and small private hospitals.

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In the new era of Industry 4.0 and on the basis of current knowledge about innovation in Industry 4.0, it has become a pretty clear that Industry 4.0 had a major impact on the manufacturing sector. At its origin, this industry is evolving from manufacturing to service providers. This chapter explains how innovation of new digital services such as Industry 4.0 integrates towards the healthcare system such as Health 4.0 in India. Although innovation is significant among the manufacturing sector, the practice of this concept is still lacking among the service sector such as hospitals. This study will investigate the impact of organizational learning on horizontal technology collaboration and vertical technology collaboration. The study is designed as a quantitative study and the non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The data was collected from the doctors of small and medium private hospitals. The findings of data analysis reveal that organizational learning has significant positive impact on horizontal technology collaboration and vertical technology collaboration.