No abstract

The objective of this study is to present four new universal biquad filters, two voltage-mode multi-input-single-output (MISO), and two current-mode single-input-multi-output (SIMO). The filters employ one voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) as an active element and two capacitors along with two resistors as passive elements. All the five filter responses, i.e., high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass responses, are obtained from the same circuit topology. Moreover, the pole frequency and quality factor are independently tunable. Additionally, they do not require any double/inverted input signals for response realization. Furthermore, they enjoy low active and passive sensitivities. Various regular analyses support the design ideas. The functionality of the presented filters are tested by PSPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18 µm technology parameters with ± 0.9 V supply voltage. The circuits are also justified experimentally by creating the VDCC block using commercially available OPA860 ICs. The experimental and simulation results agree well with the theoretically predicted results.

This paper presents new realizations of second order voltage mode and current mode universal filters based on a recently reported active element, called the differential voltage current controlled conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCCTA). The proposed circuits do not use external resistor. The filter circuits provide all the responses without changing the circuit topology. All the capacitors are virtually grounded. The use of grounded capacitors makes the circuit suitable for monolithic implementation. The pole frequency and quality factor can be adjusted independently with the input bias currents. The non-ideal analysis and the sensitivity analysis have been included. Both the active and passive sensitivities are not more than unity. The filter performances are verified using the PSpice simulations which agree well with theoretical value.  Index Terms-universal Filter, differential voltage current controlled conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCCTA), voltage mode, current mode.