Systemic autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus represent various autoimmune conditions identified by immune system dysregulation. The activation of immune cells, auto-antigen outbreak, inflammation, and multi-organ impairment is observed in these disorders. The immune system is an essential complex network of cells and chemical mediators which defends the organism's integrity against foreign microorganisms, and its precise operation and stability are compulsory to avoid a wide range of medical complications. Curcumin is a phenolic ingredient extracted from turmeric and belongs to the Zingiberaceae, or ginger family. Curcumin has multiple functions, such as inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, tumor cell proliferation, cell death, and infection. Nevertheless, the immunomodulatory influence of curcumin on immunological reactions/processes remains mostly unknown. In the present narrative review, we sought to provide current information concerning the preclinical and clinical uses of curcumin in systemic autoimmune diseases.

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Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors) reduce plasma cholesterol and improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The effect of statins on the central nervous system (CNS), particularly on cognition and neurological disorders such as cerebral ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has received increasing attention in recent years, both within the scientific community and in the media. This review aims to provide an updated discussion on the effects of statins on the differentiation and function of various nervous system cells, including neurons and glial cells. Additionally, the mechanisms of action and how different types of statins enter the CNS will be discussed.