A brain tumor is an uncontrolled cell proliferation, a mass of tissue composed of cells that grow and divide abnormally and appear to be uncontrollable by the processes that normally control normal cells. Approximately 25,690 primary malignant brain tumors are discovered each year, 70% of which originate in glial cells. It has been observed that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the distribution of drugs into the tumour environment, which complicates the oncological therapy of malignant brain tumours. Numerous studies have found that nanocarriers have demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in brain diseases. This review, based on a non-systematic search of the existing literature, provides an update on the existing knowledge of the types of dendrimers, synthesis methods, and mechanisms of action in relation to brain tumours. It also discusses the use of dendrimers in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and the future possibilities of dendrimers. Dendrimers are of particular interest in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours because they can transport biochemical agents across the BBB to the tumour and into the brain after systemic administration. Dendrimers are being used to develop novel therapeutics such as prolonged release of drugs, immunotherapy, and antineoplastic effects. The use of PAMAM, PPI, PLL and surface engineered dendrimers has proven revolutionary in the effective diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused great havoc and affected many parts of the world. It has imposed a great challenge to the medical and health fraternity with its ability to continue mutating and increasing the transmission rate. Some challenges include the availability of current knowledge of active drugs against the virus, mode of delivery of the medicaments, its diagnosis, which are relatively limited and do not suffice for further prognosis. One recently developed drug delivery system called nanoparticles is currently being utilized in combating COVID-19. This article highlights the existing methods for diagnosis of COVID-19 such as computed tomography scan, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid sequencing, immunoassay, point-of-care test, detection from breath, nanotechnology-based bio-sensors, viral antigen detection, microfluidic device, magnetic nanosensor, magnetic resonance platform and internet-of-things biosensors. The latest detection strategy based on nanotechnology, biosensor, is said to produce satisfactory results in recognizing SARS-CoV-2 virus. It also highlights the successes in the research and development of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines that are already in use. In addition, there are a number of nanovaccines and nanomedicines currently in clinical trials that have the potential to target COVID-19.

The pathetic malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a extremely uncommon and confrontational tumor that evolves in the mesothelium layer of the pleural cavities (inner lining- visceral pleura and outer lining- parietal pleura), peritoneum, pericardium, and tunica vaginalis and is highly resistant to standard treatments. In mesothelioma, the predominant pattern of lesions is a loss of genes that limit tumour growth. Despite the worldwide ban on the manufacture and supply of asbestos, the prevalence of mesothelioma continues to increase. Mesothelioma presents and behaves in a variety of ways, making diagnosis challenging. Most treatments available today for MM are ineffective, and the median life expectancy is between 10 and 12 months. However, in recent years, considerable progress has already been made in understanding the genetics and molecular pathophysiology of mesothelioma by addressing hippo signaling pathway. The development and progression of MM are related to many important genetic alterations. This is related to NF2 and/or LATS2 mutations that activate the transcriptional coactivator YAP. The X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and PET scans are used to diagnose the MM. The MM are treated with surgery, chemotherapy, first-line combination chemotherapy, second-line treatment, radiation therapy, adoptive T-cell treatment, targeted therapy, and cancer vaccines. Recent clinical trials investigating the function of surgery have led to the development of innovative approaches to the treatment of associated pleural effusions as well as the introduction of targeted medications. An interdisciplinary collaborative approach is needed for the effective care of persons who have mesothelioma because of the rising intricacy of mesothelioma treatment. This article highlights the key findings in the molecular pathogenesis of mesothelioma, diagnosis with special emphasis on the management of mesothelioma.

Background: The 2019 Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) epidemic was a health emergency of international concern. Movement Control Order (MCO) that was implemented in Malaysia to cope with Covid-19 spreading, had caused unbearable physical and psychological pressure and affected the educational status of the students. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the impact of MCO during the Covid-19 on the university students physically, psychologically and academically. Methodology: This research was implemented as a cross sectional study among university students. The online survey collected information regarding the students’ demographic characteristics, physical symptoms on the past 2 months, psychological impact (through the Impact of Event Scale-Revised “IES-R”). The results showed students to have mild, moderate and severe psychological impact (11.34%, 5.67% and 32.47% respectively). Linear regression showed there was no correlation between demographic characteristics and psychological impacts of MCO. Majority of the students (46.4%) rated their general health as good while 38.1% often keep an eye of their health. 25.8% of the students had seen medical practitioner for the past two months and 25% out of them had seen the doctor for 1-2 times. Conclusion: These findings could help in developing evidence-driven strategies to reduce the adverse impact of MCO on university students during pandemics.

Thyroid disorders are common among women. Some factors may be lack of qualified physicians, less time spent for patient education, lack of awareness and use of electronic media to harness information, poor knowledge about reliable sources of information. Proper knowledge regarding thyroid disorders will make women aware and help at early detection. Therefore, the aim is to focus on the study about the knowledge and awareness of thyroid disorder among women. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and awareness among women in Selangor. 288 women are selected randomly from Selangor with age range 18 to 55 years old. Primary data were collected using self-administered questionnaire consisting socio-demographic for part A, knowledge of thyroid disorder for part B and awareness of thyroid disorder for part C. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 24. 48.3% (71) women have poor knowledge and 51.7% (76) women have good knowledge in Shah Alam. Whereas in Klang, 48.2% (68) women have poor knowledge and 51.8% (73) women have good knowledge. 10.2% (15) women have poor awareness, 89.8% (132) women have good awareness in Shah Alam. Whereas in Klang, 14.9% (21) women have poor awareness and 85.1% (120) women have good awareness. The respondents living area has no significant relationship to knowledge and awareness of thyroid disorder. In general, the women’s knowledge and awareness have no significant relationship with respondents living area. Most women have good knowledge and awareness.