Background: Drug abuse causes irreversible damage to human health at both micro and macro levels among the aggravating problems of human society. Objectives: This research aimed to evaluate the role of group dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and structured matrix treatment (SMT) on quit addiction self-efficacy, distress tolerance, and mindfulness in individuals with stimulant drug abuse. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was based on a pretest-posttest design with test and control groups. The population included drug abusers referring to the centers of addiction rehabilitation affiliated with the Social Welfare Department, Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. A total of 75 individuals were selected using convenience sampling and allocated to one control group and two experimental groups. Participants in all three groups completed the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the Quit Addiction Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. The first experimental groups underwent eight sessions (90-minute sessions per week) of group DBT. The SMT was performed on the second experimental group for fourteen 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any training. Then, the data were analyzed statistically using the multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: DBT and SMT groups increased quit addiction self-efficacy, distress tolerance, and mindfulness in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between DBT and SMT groups regarding distress tolerance in the individuals with stimulant drug abuse (P = 0.020). Conclusions: Based on the results, DBT and SMT were effective in quitting addiction self-efficacy, distress tolerance, and mindfulness among drug abusers, improved psychological states, and reduced drug abuse in individuals.

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Background and aims: Pathological narcissism is one of the personality disorders in drug abusers, and its main characteristic is self-conceit and lack of empathy and solidarity with others. The present study aimed to compare the effects of group dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and structured matrix treatment on pathological narcissism and craving for drugs among drug abusers in Ahvaz. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study based on a pretest-posttest design with control and test groups. The study population consisted of all drug abusers visiting the addiction rehabilitation centers affiliated with the Department of Social Welfare, Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. Of them, 75 individuals were selected as the sample through the cluster random sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. Participants in all three groups completed the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) and the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) as the pre-test. The first experimental group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of group DBT. Moreover, the second experimental group underwent fourteen 90-minute sessions of structured matrix treatment. Finally, all participants took a post-test, and data were statistically analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results showed that both group DBT and structured matrix treatment reduced pathological narcissism and craving for drugs in experimental groups (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in the mean scores of pathological narcissism and craving for drugs. Conclusion: As our findings demonstrated the effectiveness of group DBT and structured matrix treatment in reducing pathological narcissism and craving for drug among drug abusers, these two interventions, along with other therapies, are recommended to improve the mental state and reduce craving for drugs among drug abusers.

Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) have developed to show many advantageous and noticeable properties including their flexibility, easy processing, very cost effective chemical technology, and easy combining of organic material, hence having optimized performance is very significant. Therefore, we have to find new methods in order to be able to use the total singlet and triplet excitons population and to achieve 100% internal efficiency. If we can extend the internal efficiency to 100%, this will lead to efficient production of OLEDs in the industry. In this work, to consider increasing excitons’ population, we have worked on the uniformity of the Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and Emissive Layer (EL) by applying argon atmosphere pressure cold jet plasma. Examining the experimental data in comparison with the theoretical data has shown us that having a better uniformity in barriers (based on AFM images) and decreasing contact angle will lead to a better injection and more exciton's population leading to an increase in the internal efficiency.