KCC‐1/IL/Pd NPs can used as an excellent support for the synthesis of highly sparse homogeneous catalyst. KCC‐1 has high surface area that was functionalized with ionic liquid phase acting as the strong performers so that the Pd catalyst was well‐dispersed without aggregation on the framework of the KCC‐1/IL. This nano catalyst was specified by TGA, XRD, TEM, SEM, FT‐IR, and ICP. For reduction of 2‐nitroaniline and 4‐nitrophenol used from the KCC‐1/IL/Pd NPs as a green catalyst that showed excellent catalytic activities. Compared with the traditional substrate, KCC‐1 substantially increases protection and the accessibility of the nanoparticle sites due to its three dimensional hierarchical structure.

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In this work, 1-benzyl-4-ferrocenyl-1H-[1,2,3]-triazole (BFT) and carbon nanotubes has been applied to construct a modified glassy carbon electrode. This modified electrode showed electrocatalytic activity for oxidation of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and reduced the overpotential for oxidation of hydrochlorothiazide about 870 mV. Also, the modified electrode can resolve the overlapped voltammetric peaks of hydrochlorothiazide and propranolo into two voltammetric peaks. This property allows to selective determination of hydrochlorothiazide in the presence of propranolol. The transfer coefficient (α) and diffusion coefficient of hydrochlorotjiazide were also investigated. In phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 8.0, the oxidation currents for hydrochlorothiazide increased linearly from 0.1 to 500.0 μM using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The detection limit (3σ) was obtained 0.08 μM. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of hydrochlorothiazide and propranolol in pharmaceutical and biological samples.

A simple and convenient method is described for voltammetric determination of carbidopa (CD), based on its electrochemical oxidation at a modified multiwall carbon nanotube paste electrode. Under optimized conditions, the proposed method exhibited acceptable analytical performances in terms of linearity (over the concentration range from 0.1 to 700.0 μM), detection limit (65.0 nM), and reproducibility (RSD = 2.5%) for a solution containing CD. Also, square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used for simultaneous determination of CD, folic acid (FA), and tryptophan (TRP) at the modified electrode. To further validate its possible application, the method was used for the quantification of CD, FA, and TRP in urine samples.