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Neurodegenerative disorders occur through progressive loss of function or structure of neurons, with loss of sensation and cognition values. The lack of successful therapeutic approaches to solve neurologic disorders causes physical disability and paralysis and has a significant socioeconomic impact on patients. In recent years, nanocarriers and stem cells have attracted tremendous attention as a reliable approach to treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, nanoparticle‐based labeling combined with imaging technologies has enabled researchers to survey transplanted stem cells and fully understand their fate by monitoring their survival, migration, and differentiation. For the practical implementation of stem cell therapies in the clinical setting, it is necessary to accurately label and follow stem cells after administration. Several approaches to labeling and tracking stem cells using nanotechnology have been proposed as potential treatment strategies for neurological diseases. Considering the limitations of intravenous or direct stem cell administration, intranasal delivery of nanoparticle‐labeled stem cells in neurological disorders is a new method of delivering stem cells to the central nervous system (CNS). This review describes the challenges and limitations of stem cell‐based nanotechnology methods for labeling/tracking, intranasal delivery of cells, and cell fate regulation as theragnostic labeling.This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease

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Anosmia is the inability to smell or loss of the sense of smell. It can reduce your ability to detect the smell of smoke, gas leaks, or spoiled food, as well as hinder the quality of life related to social interactions and feelings of well‐being. In the current study, a drug delivery composite was designed to cure anosmia and its efficiency in delivering transforming growth factor alpha (TGF‐α) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) to the nasal cavity was evaluated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein for encapsulation into Poloxamers 407 micelles. For the optimization of the BSA‐micelle formulation, a two‐parameter five‐level central composite design (CCD) was applied. The BSA‐micelle was optimized with a particle size of 41 nm, drug loading of 8%, and encapsulation efficiency of 74%. Further, the BSA‐micelle was characterized by FESEM, TEM, and FTIR. The analysis of release profile suggested high‐paced free BSA release compared to the gradual and prolonged release of BSA‐micelle/hydrogel and BSA‐micelles. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated the safety of TGF‐α and TGF‐β1‐micelles/hydrogel. Moreover, it was observed that TGF‐α and TGF‐β1 within the hydrogels promote cellular viability and human olfactory ectomesenchymal stem cell OE‐MSCs proliferation. In conclusion, According to the results of our study, the TGF‐α and TGF‐β1‐micelle/hydrogel‐based delivery system provides a suitable alternative for anosmia treatment.