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This chapiter starts with a general definition of the antennas. The next parts will talk about a microstrip antenna from the side of the double band in order to get an antenna that can do both reception and emission as well as developing the azimuth and angular resolution. This chapter has also introduced an antenna that separates the feeding part from the rayonnant one in an effective way that can enable us to develop the abilities of the radar antenna. Besides, it would also cope with the mechanic relation of the antenna. Another work has been presented to make electronic scanning more effective and faster. This would allow us to get rid of mechanic circulation by using butler matrix. Developing the antenna from the angular resolution has also been presented through widening the bandwidth by DGS technique and widening the reach via using the antenna array. Among the biggest problems are the surface waves and mutual coupling that present significant challenges to the designer because of their graduation of the antenna performance especially in the radar system.

In this work, a microstrip antenna array that consists of 16 elements is designed at a frequency of 28 GHz, with a dimension of 35 mm × 33.5 mm and an operational bandwidth of 27.7–28.3 GHz. The idea is putting two antenna arrays next to each other on the same substrate and ground plane, as well as minimizing the overall size. This work presents a mutual coupling reduction for two arrays and studies the performance of the antennas through the suppression of surface wave propagation in a given frequency range. It proposed a new configuration for an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) created by microstrip technology placed at a closed distance (0.3λ0) between the two antenna arrays. The improvement in the isolation between the two adjacent antenna arrays was studied according to the H-plane with a periodic unit cell of the AMC. The mutual coupling reduces to −40.0 dB at the operation frequency and isolation of 17 dB. The antenna array is also characterized by a good envelope correlation coefficient (ECC). The CST Microwave Studio electromagnetic solver was used to design, improve, and miniaturize the proposed configuration.

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The proposed antenna radiation size is 9.4x6.12mm with low permittivity value 2.22, loss tangent value 0.0004 and 0.4mm thickness Duroid 5880 dielectric substrate material were used. An inset microstripline feed has been used because of its simplicity and ease of practical manufacturing. The parametric study is performed with a change of the form of patch to achieve the Ka-band UWB frequency, dual-band and a high gain. The Proposed antenna impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2) is achieved with wide band characteristics 1 GHz (23.3-24.3GHz) on the lower Ka-band frequency and 2 ) on the upper Ka-band frequency. An extensive analysis of the return loss, gain and efficiency of the proposed antenna is discussed in this paper. The antenna is simulated by computer software technology Microwave studio (CST), the presented antenna competent for the satellite and radar applications in Ka-band.