Traditional socio-legal works showed that authoritarian regimes benefit from embracing international arbitration, obviating any foreign investor’s distrust of non-independent and non-democratic courts. This article explores judicial cooperation by analysing the methods of dispute settlement adopted between China and the Arab Middle Eastern States involved in the BRI. After reviewing the background of China’s legal involvement in the Middle East, China’s involvement with various transnational dispute resolution institutions in the Middle East is discussed, and special consideration is given to legal disputes in Kuwait, UAE, and Egypt. Finally, this article argues that rule of law legitimacy, social and cultural inertia, and governance cost-effectiveness all influence the resulting transnational dispute settlement scheme.

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed sports administrators’ lack of crisis management preparedness and athletes, coaches, and support staff’s lack of mental preparedness for a pandemic. Sports administrators were in the unenviable position of having to protect the health of their athletes, staff, and the wider population by preventing the spread of the COVID-19 disease with restrictive policies, such as bio-bubbles and quarantines, while at the same time not restricting anyone’s liberty and unalienable rights to pursue happiness. This article informs sports administrators how to balance health instructions from regulatory bodies with measures protecting individual liberty. It provides sports administrator’s legal recommendations they can follow and psychological advice that they can pass on to their athletes, coaches, and support staff. The article also explains to coaches and support staff how to manage, and athletes how to successfully cope with, future bio-bubbles, quarantines, and the next pandemic.

United States on charges of running pro-jihadist websites, has meanwhile described prison as a "university of Islamic knowledge." Keys Factors for Prison Radicalization Socioeconomic deprivation, including low education attainment, unemployment, and underemployment, are amongst the most common, as well as most contested, explanations for radicalization in general. But, isolation from the outside world, a perceived sense of victimization, the need for belonging, a sense of vulnerability, and prolonged exposure to

In addition to possessing one of the largest proven gas reserves worldwide, Qatar benefits from a strategic location between the East and West, forming an attractive destination for foreign direct investments. Law No. 1/2019 regulating non-Qatari capital investments provides investors with greater political and social stability along with a full range of benefits. The most significant among these benefits is the freedom offered by the legislator to resolve any dispute by choosing any type of settlement dispute. Hence, Article 16 of Law No. 1/2019 states that ‘unless it is a labour dispute, the non-Qatari Investor may agree to settle any dispute between them and others through arbitration or any other means of settling disputes in accordance with the law’. This article will discuss and analyse the other means of dispute settlement mechanism compatible with Qatar, especially when online dispute resolution has become more significant in the era of COVID-19.

For almost two years, Lebanon has been suffering from a severe economic downturn, the worst since the end of the civil war (1975–90). This has led to a complete financial collapse, with significant material losses incurred by the Lebanese Central Bank (BDL). It has also fuelled protests against the rampant corruption plaguing the country. Since the beginning of the banking crisis in Lebanon characterized by a lack of liquidity and the cessation of banks from dealing in US dollars, the risks surrounding deposits belonging to residents and non-residents, as well to foreigners, have emerged. This exacerbated the absence of procedures to determine the fate of deposits and the applicable legislation that protects these deposits. This article examines the resulting imbalances in the financial paradigm and demonstrates the illegality of actions or restrictions taken by banks. Consequently, this article explores the means to protect depositors’ rights and the legal steps followed by depositors to retrieve their money or at least to save what is left of it.