Trichoderma spp. are known as a rich source of secondary metabolites with biological activity belonging to a variety of classes of chemical compounds. These fungi also are well known for their ability to produce a wide range of antibiotic substances and to parasitize other fungi. In search for new substances, which might act as anticancer agents, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma asperellum cultural filtrates against human cervical and breast cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7 cells respectively). To achieve this objective, cells were exposed to 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ ml of both T. harzianum cultural filtrate (ThCF) and T. asperellum cultural filtrate (TaCF) for 24h, then the cell viability and the cytotoxic responses were assessed by using trypan blue and 3-

Animals fed with a high amount of a wide range of antioxidants in their diet are significantly protected against oxidative stress. Powerful antioxidant substances such as vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids are present naturally in red-hot pepper (RHP). This study hypothesized that using RHP may provide protection against oxidative stress and enhance animal physiological responses. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding New Zealand white rabbits with RHP-supplemented diets on their physiological and biochemical responses. New Zealand White rabbits (age = 6 weeks, n = 48) were split equally into three groups (n = 16 in each group). One group was fed a basal diet only (control group), with the other two groups fed a basal diet along with 1 and 2% RHP. Mass spectrometric analysis for the RHP methanolic extract showed some phenolic compounds, such as p-coumaric, sinapinic acids, vanillic, and luteolin, as well as catechin and its isomers. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, and CAT) were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) by feeding rabbits diets supplemented with 1 or 2% RHP. The addition of RHP significantly enhanced immune-responses; phagocytic activity, chemotaxis, TIg, IgG, IgM, and IgA increased when growing rabbits were fed RHP compared with the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1 or 2% RHP may play a role as an enhancer of growth and immune response in growing rabbits.

The current study examined the influence of Citrus limon (dry lemon) on the hemato-biochemical profiles, and antioxidant indices of growing rabbits. Forty-eight growing New Zealand White rabbits (age, eight weeks; weight, 1543.33 ± 25 g) were allocated into three groups (16 animals each), the first group was (control) fed a basal diet, whereas the second and third groups were supplemented with dried lemon, 1% or 2% DLP, respectively. A GC-MS analysis of more than 27 active constituents was performed. Feed conversion efficiency was (p < 0.05) better with diets containing 1% or 2% dry lemon, compared to the control group. Hematological indexes were increased significantly with the addition of DLP compared to those in the control group. Adding 1% or 2% dry lemon to rabbit diet increased (p < 0.05) enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (TAC, SOD, GSH, GST, and CAT) in serum and liver tissues. Taken together, these data reveal the advantages and antioxidant effects of dry lemon supplementation for growing rabbits once supplemented at a maximum of 2% in their daily diet.

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of some sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves extracts on some growth performance indicators, physiological and hematological responses in mice orally exposed to phenol. Sixty-six male Swiss albino mice were divided equally into eleven groups. The 1 st one was assigned as a control. The 2 nd group was daily oral exposed to 180 mg C 6 H 5 OH / kg body weight for 21 days. 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th groups were daily oral received basil leaves hexane extract (BLHE), basil leaves ethanol extract (BLEE) and basil leaves aqueous extract (BLAE) by 400 mg / kg body weight for 21 days respectively. The 6 th , 7 th and 8 th groups were daily oral exposed to BLHE, BLEE and BLAE by 400mg / kg body weight for 21 days respectively after exposure to 180mg C 6 H 5 OH / kg body weight for 21 days. Finally, 9 th , 10 th and 11 th groups were daily oral received BLHE, BLEE and BLAE by 400 mg / kg body weight for 21 days respectively before exposure to 180 mg C 6 H 5 OH / kg body weight for 21 days. As a response of phenol administration, the liver % reduced while the kidney %, spleen %, and testis % were increased. Hematological indicators, such as RBCs, Hb %, and PCV %, showed a significant increase. Basil leaves extracts improved some growth performance indicators, reduced phenol adverse effects on several organs and hematological parameters. These findings show that basil leaves extracts can be used as an anti-toxin agent with a wide range of health benefits.

Ginger and turmeric are commonly used in food as spices with wellreported antioxidant activity. However, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of ginger and turmeric have not been adequately studied. Therefore, the current study used chicken model with acetone induced liver and kidney injuries to evaluate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of ginger and turmeric because metabolic functions of chicken and human liver is similar. Eighty cocks were randomized into 5 experimental groups of chicks. The first one served as control. While the second group was received 350mg acetone/kg body weight (given in drinking water) per day for 30 days. The third, fourth and fifth groups were received ginger, turmeric and mix of ginger and turmeric by 1% in food respectively after treatment with acetone. Hematological parameters, liver and renal function tests, hepatic oxidative stress enzymes, as well as, histopathological examination scores were determined. Results indicated that, administration of acetone induces alteration in various hematological parameters, hepatic enzymes and hepatic oxidative stress enzymes in chickens. Dietary supplementation of ginger (GEN) and turmeric (TUR) caused a significant amelioration in some hematological parameters in acetone treated chickens. GEN and TUR treatments could reduce damage induced by acetone in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glucose, total protein and their fractions levels. Furthermore, acetone promoted a significant increase in urea, uric acid and creatinine levels, while treatment with GEN or TUR or GEN+TUR at the same time of treatment with acetone maintained urea and uric acid concentrations at a level similar to the control group. Interestingly, GEN, TUR and GEN+ TUR treatments significantly ameliorated effects of acetone on chickens by improving the levels of the main antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, glutathione-S-transferase GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) a reliable marker of lipid peroxidation in the cells. Histologically, acetone appeared to be hepatotoxic in chick's. Hepatocytes were sensitive to the treatment with acetone and contained large number of congested blood vesicles, cytoplasmic vacuoles, pyknotic nuclei, and lymphocytic infiltration in treated animals. Turmeric and ginger treatments improved the vast majority of hepatic changes. Our findings broadly confirmed that, the supplementation of ginger and turmeric significantly alleviated liver and kidney functions, hema-