International audienceGold nanoparticles have been reported as a possible radio-sensitizer agent in radiation therapy due totheir ability to increase energy deposition and subsequent direct damage to cells and DNA within theirlocal vicinity. Moreover, this increase in energy deposition also results in an increase of the radiochemicalyields. In this work we present, for the first time, an in silico investigation, based on the general purposeMonte Carlo simulation toolkit Geant4, into energy deposition and radical species production around aspherical gold nanoparticle 50 nm in diameter via proton irradiation. Simulations were preformed forincident proton energies ranging from 2 to 170 MeV, which are of interest for clinical proton therapy

This study provides the first proof of the novel application of bismuth oxide as a radiosensitiser. It was shown that on the highly radioresistant 9L gliosarcoma cell line, bismuth oxide nanoparticles sensitise to both kilovoltage (kVp) or megavoltage (MV) X-rays radiation. 9L cells were exposed to a concentration of 50 μg.mL −1 of nanoparticle before irradiation at 125 kVp and 10 MV. Sensitisation enhancement ratios of 1.48 and 1.25 for 125 kVp and 10 MV were obtained in vitro, respectively. The radiation enhancement of the nanoparticles is postulated to be a combination of the high Z nature of the bismuth (Z = 83), and the surface chemistry. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to elucidate the physical interactions between the incident radiation and the nanoparticle. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

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