Corynebacterium urealyticum is a Gram positive, slow-growing, lipophilic, multi-drug resistant, urease positive micro-organism with diphtheroid morphology. It has been reported as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen and as the cause of a variety of diseases including but not limited to cystitis, pyelonephritis, and bacteremia among others. This review serves to describe C. urealyticum with respect to its history, identification, laboratory investigation, relationship to disease and treatment in order to allow increased familiarity with this organism in clinical disease.

BACKGROUNDImproper prescription of antibiotics for treatment of acute pharyngitis predisposes to emergence of a carrier state and antibiotic-resistant strains of group A streptococci (GAS). We sought to identify the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of group A streptococci among Egyptian children with acute pharyngitis compared with asymptomatic children.DESIGN AND SETTINGCase-control study conducted from September 2013 to August 2014 at a pediatric outpatient clinic in Egypt.PATIENTS AND METHODSThroat swabs were collected from children with acute pharyngitis and from asymptomatic children. We evaluated the accuracy of McIsaac scores and the rapid antigen detection test (RADT) for diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis with throat culture as a reference test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of GAS isolates was done by the disc diffusion method.RESULTSOf 142 children with acute pharyngitis (cases) and 300 asymptomatic children (controls) (age range, 4–16 years), GAS pharyngitis was diagnosed in 60/142 children (42.2%); 48/300 (16%) were found to be carriers. All GAS isolates in the case group were sensitive to penicillin; however, an MIC90 (0.12 μg/mL) for penicillin is high and an alarming sign. The resistance rate to macrolides was 70% with the cMLSB phenotype in 65.1%. The sensitivities and specificities were 78.3% and 73.2% for McIsaac score of ≥4 and 81.1% and 93.9% for RADT, respectively. GAS isolates in the control group were 100% sensitive to penicillin, while 12.5% and 37.5% were resistant to macrolides and tetracycline, respectively.CONCLUSIONAn increased MIC90 for GAS isolates to penicillin is an alarming sign. A high frequency of resistance to macrolides was also observed.

Background: The etiology of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is unknown, and it is commonly misdiagnosed clinically and/or radiologically as breast cancer. The role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in its diagnosis is still a matter of debate. The aim of the current study is to assess the value of FNAC in the diagnosis of IGM, and to search for the presence of bacteria in IGM with cystic vacuoles, which was described recently by a few authors. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cytologic smears and histologic tissue sections of 65 Egyptian IGM cases was done along with microbiologic testing. A comparison of the frequency of IGM in Egypt to that of other populations was also made. Results: IGM has typical FNA features which can easily exclude malignancy. Histologically, cystic vacuoles were encountered in 35 out of 65 cases (53.9%), with only 6 (17.14%) of these cases showing Gram-positive bacilli (GPB). The frequency of IGM in Egypt is comparable to those in other Middle Eastern countries but much higher than in Western countries. Conclusion: IGM is a common breast disease in Egypt. FNAC in IGM has a high diagnostic accuracy. This study supports the few recent studies that have detected GPB in IGM with cystic vacuoles. Thus, bacteriologic examination in such cases may affect the treatment strategy.

Serum PCT and, to a lesser extent, TLC had prognostic value in patients with acute meningitis, and PCT is more useful because it can be frequently measured for the diagnosis and follow-up of bacterial meningitis.

Studies proposed a link between gut microbiota and airway tract. Study the diversity and density of gut microbiota in healthy and asthmatic patients. Semi-quantitative stool cultures were performed from fecal samples collected from 80 adult asthmatic patients and 40 healthy individuals. Data on gender, age, dietetic history, clinical examination and investigations as skin prick test and pulmonary function testing were also collected. were found to be higher among patient group than control group. density was statistically higher in patient than control group. No significant difference was detected between male and female patients or controls. were statistically more prevalent in stool culture of male cases than that of male controls. No difference was found between female cases and controls. There was no relationship between type of microbial growth and disease related parameters including age, duration of illness, number of allergens and pulmonary function test in cases. Atopic asthma is significantly associated with gut microbiota and. It is important to determine the organism involved, to focus on microbiome-driven disease and therapies.