Este trabajo se fundamenta en la evaluación de la actividad antiinflamatoria de extractos de sofrito de tomate, así como de compuestos estándares de la dieta mediterránea, usando un modelo experimental optimizado basado en larvas de pez cebra. La migración de neutrófilos en larvas de pez cebra de 96 horas post fertilización se indujo mediante una lesión y se potenció añadiéndole lipopolisacárido, dicha migración se visualizó y cuantificó mediante análisis de imagen. El efecto antiinflamatorio del extracto de tomate y de los compuestos utilizados fue correlacionado porcentualmente por la disminución de la migración de los neutrófilos. Los resultados muestran que el extracto de tomate presentó una reducción en la migración de neutrófilos de 40 % respecto al grupo control. Por otra parte, el ácido clorogénico y la cianidina presentes en el sofrito de tomate utilizados como estándares presentaron una disminución de la migración de neutrófilos de un 66,7 % y 62,5 % respectivamente. Estos porcentajes son comparables a los resultados observados en ensayos con drogas antiinflamatorias como la indometacina y piroxicam. Los resultados muestran que el extracto de sofrito de tomate presenta posible actividad antinflamatoria demostrada por la reducción de la migración de neutrófilos, además el modelo se mostró sensible y válido para ser aplicado en matrices alimentarias complejas. The main of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of tomato sofrito extracts, as well as standard compounds present in the Mediterranean diet, using an optimized experimental model based on zebrafish larvae. Neutrophil migration in zebrafish larvae 96 hours post fertilization was induced by a cut in the caudal fin and enhanced by adding lipopolysaccharide and was visualized and quantified by image analysis. The anti-inflammatory effect of tomato extract and the compounds used was correlated by the percentage decrease in the migration of neutrophils. The results showed that, tomato extract showed a reduction in neutrophil migration of 40% compared to the control group. Moreover, chlorogenic acid and cyanidin present in tomato sofrito sauce showed a decrease in neutrophil migration of 66.7% and 62.5% respectively. These percentages are comparable to the results observed in trials with anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin and piroxicam. The results show that tomato sofrito extract has possible anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated by the reduction of neutrophil migration, furthermore the model was sensitive and valid to be applied in complex food matrices.
Consumption of tropical fruits is growing around the world, not only due to their flavor and appearance but also for their nutritional value. In addition to the content in macro and micronutrients, tropical fruits contain substantial amounts of bioactive compounds in peels, and seeds which constitute an underexploited source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acid, polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamin C and polysaccharides. Polysaccharides have attracted growing interest, particularly for their bioactive characteristics such as antioxidants as well as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, obtaining functional ingredients from tropical fruits and by-products is feasible and could be used to develop functional and nutraceutical foods to elaborate products of the pharmaceutical industry and food preservation. The present review provides the most relevant information published during the last ten years (2010-2020) on bioactive polysaccharides extracted with hot water reported in tropical fruits and by-products and their relationship with potential beneficial health effects.
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Las frutas exóticas se encuentran dentro del grupo de las frutas tropicales y su carácter perecedero limita su exportación a mercados distantes. En general, su consumo es local, son subutilizadas o poco valoradas tanto en el hogar como industrialmente; sin embargo, debido su alto valor nutricional, su consumo se ha incrementado significativamente en los últimos años. Estas frutas son fuente de compuestos bioactivos como fibra, vitamina C, carotenoides, ácidos fenólicos y polifenoles, los cuales han sido asociados a la reducción de los riesgos de enfermedades crónicas causadas por el estrés oxidativo. Estos compuestos bioactivos han demostrado que poseen varias actividades biológicas in vitro e in vivo incluyendo actividad antioxidante, antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria, antiedad, neuroprotectora y antiviral entre otras. Por lo tanto, la obtención de ingredientes funcionales a partir de las frutas tropicales consideradas exóticas resulta viable; así como su utilización para el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales y nutracéuticos, para elaboración de productos de la industria farmacéutica y la conservación de alimentos. En la presente revisión se discute la información más relevante publicada en el período 2010-2020 de las principales bases de datos científicas, incluyendo Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline y Scielo, sobre los compuestos fenólicos y las bioactividades reportadas de las frutas tropicales exóticas como acai (Euterpe oleraceae), acerola (Malpighia emarginata), buruti (Mauritia flexuosa) caqui (Diospyros kaki), chicozapote (Manilkara zapota), litchi (Litchi chinensis), maracuyá (Passiflora edulis), noni (Morinda citrifolia) rambután (Nephelium lappaceum), pitaya blanca (Hylocereus undatus), pitaya roja (Hylocereus polyrhizus) y su relación con sus potenciales efectos benéficos en la salud. Exotic fruits are found in the group of tropical fruits and their perishable nature limits their export to distant markets. In general, their consumption is local; they are underutilized or little valued both at home and industrially; however, its consumption has increased significantly in recent years due to its high nutritional value. These fruits are a source of bioactive compounds such as fiber, vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic acids and polyphenols, which have been associated with reducing the risks of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. These bioactive compounds have been shown to possess various in vitro and in vivo biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, neuroprotective, and among others. Therefore, obtaining functional ingredients from tropical fruits considered exotic is viable and used to develop functional and nutraceutical foods, prepare products for the pharmaceutical industry and food preservation. This review discusses the most relevant information published in the 2010-2020 period from the main scientific databases, including Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline and Scielo, on phenolic compounds and reported bioactivities of exotic tropical fruits such as acai (Euterpe oleraceae), acerola (Malpighia emarginata), persimmon (Diospyros kaki), chicozapote (Manilkara zapota), litchi (Litchi chinensis), passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) noni (Morinda citrifolia), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), white pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) and red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and their relationship with their potential beneficial effects on health.
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