Background: Hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood. Ginger and lime are natural ingredients that contain antioxidants and anti-inflammatory which could reduce blood uric acid levels. This study aims to prove the effect of red ginger powder and lime juice combination on uric acid levels of Wistar rats induced hyperuricemia.Methods: Experimental research with pre and post-test only control group design. Thirty Wistar male rats, aged 2-3 months, weighed 150-350 grams randomly divided into 5 groups. Group C1 was normal control group. Group C2 was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate (300mg/kgBW). Group T1, T2, T3 were induced by potassium oxonate and orally administered by combination of red ginger powder (300, 600, 1200 mg/200gBW) and lime juice (2ml/150gBW). Blood samples in each group will be collected in 1 hour after treatment. Uric acid levels were measured using the TBHBA uric acid method.Results: Uric acid level in T1, T2, and T3 group was significantly lower than C2 group (p<0,05). The most effective dose to reduce uric acid levels was 1200mg/200gBW red ginger in combination with 2ml/150gBW lime juice (T3 group).Conclusion: Red ginger powder and lime juice may reduce the blood uric acid levels in Wistar rats induced hyperuricemia.

Introduction<br />Liver fibrosis (LF) results from the unregulated chronic wound healing process in liver tissue. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is the major contributing cytokine of LF promotion through activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into myofibroblasts (MFs) and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition such as collagen leading to scar tissue development. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have an immunomodulatory capability that could be used as a new treatment for repairing and regenerating LF through suppression of TGF-β. This study aimed to examine the role of MSCs in liver fibrosis animal models through suppression of TGF-β levels without scar formation particularly in the proliferation phase.<br /><br />Methods<br />In this study, a completely randomized design was used with sample size of 24. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), twice weekly, for eight weeks to induce LF. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups: negative control, CCl4 group, and CCL4 + MSC-treated groups T1 and T2, at doses of 1 x 106 and 2x106 cells, respectively. TGF-β levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One-way ANOVA and a least significant difference (LSD) was used to analyse the data. <br /><br />Results<br />The TGF levels of LF rat models decreased on day 7 after MSC administration. The levels of TGF-β in both MSC groups T1 and T2 decreased significantly compared with the control group (p&lt;0.05). The TGF-β suppression capability of T2 was optimal and more significant than that of T1.<br /><br />Conclusion<br />MSCs can suppress TGF levels in liver fibrosis induced rats.

Background: Lack of physical activity in individual has a big impact towards brain as if in the cognitive parts of the brain, especially decision making and memory. The relation between physical activity and cognitive ability is related to angiogenesis and neurogenesis that is more optimal in individuals who do their physical activity routine. Plyometrics and Aerobic exercise are proven to have a positive effect on the body, but there has been no further research on the comparison of the two sports.  Aim: to understand the comparison between plyometrics exercise with aerobic exercise towards decision-making in young adults . Methods: This study used quasi experimental design pretest and posttest. The subjects were 39 aged, all of whom are students of Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro. Subjects divided into 3 groups as control, Plyometrics exercise, and Aerobic exercise. Decision-making score measured by IOWA Gambling Task (IGT). Data’s significance was analyzed with paired t-test.  Results: There was significant difference in decision-making score before (pre-test) and after (post-test) Plyometrics and Aerobic exercise (p<0,05). Nevertheless, higher score was found in experimental group 1 which is the Plyometrics exercise (p=0,000). Furthermore, there was significant difference towards decision-making score in experimental and control group (p<0,05). Conclusion: Plyometrics and Aerobic exercise increase decision-making score for young adults. A more significant increase was found in the Plyometrics group (p=0,000).