Background: Despite several benefits, research has found that problematic smartphone use is positively associated with behavioral problems. However, the internal mechanisms underlying this relationship need further investigation. So, the current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the relationship between problematic smartphone use and aggression. Methods: The research design was descriptive-correlational. Also, the study population included the male university students of the Islamic Azad University of South Tehran Branch in the academic year of 2019-2020. Using the convenience sampling method, a total number of 213 participants from two faculties (Faculty of Human Sciences and Faculty of Law and Political Sciences) were selected and tested by Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Then, the Pearson correlation and path analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Results: The results revealed the significant and direct effects of problematic smartphone use on aggression (β=0.12, P<0.05), sleep quality on aggression (β=0.37, P<0.001), and problematic smartphone use on sleep disturbance (β=0.42, P<0.001). Also, sleep quality significantly mediated in the relationship between problematic smartphone use and aggression (β=0.15, P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the present findings, problematic smartphone use and sleep disturbance are two important factors affecting aggressive behavior among university students. These findings highlight the critical role of early intervention for aggression with a focus on those with problematic smartphone use and more specifically those with sleep disturbance.

Background COVID-19 has created significant and unprecedented psychological distress on nurses working with COVID-19 patients. Nurses dealing with such psychological distress are prone to burnout. This study examined the mediating role of sleep disturbance and rumination in the association between psychological distress and work-related burnout of nurses treating COVID-19 patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 26th February to 16th March 2021, on a sample of 250 nurses who were actively working during the COVID-19 pandemic in five referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Ruminative Responses Scale were used to collect data. Data analysis was based on pearson’ correlation analysis and path analysis. Results Psychological distress has a significant effect on job burnout. When sleep disturbances were modeled as a mediator, path coefficients of psychological distress showed a significant effect on job burnout. Also, according to the findings, rumination poses a significant mediating effect on the association between psychological distress and job burnout. Conclusion This study demonstrated the importance of designing psychological interventions intended to reduce sleep disturbances and rumination when experiencing stressful events to avoid job burnout among nurses.

Introduction:The relationship between resiliency and marital burnout has received both theoretical and empirical support. However, less is known about the mechanisms by which resiliency may influence marital burnout.Aim: ehT aim of present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-differentiation in the relationship between resiliency and marital burnout among married women in Tehran. Method:The research design was descriptive-correlational, where, 200 participants selected through available sampling. Couple burnout Scale (CBS), Conner and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI) were coducted to collect data. Then collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis.Results: Path analysis results showed that resiliency had a significant negative direct effect on marital burnout (P <0. 01, ß = -0.212), whilst it had a significant positive direct effect on selfdifferentiation (P <0.01, ß = 0.459). Also, Path analysis showed that indirect effect of resiliency on marital burnout through self-differentiation (P <0.05, ß = -0.096) was significant. Conclusion:The present study highlighted the mediating role of self-differentiation as an underlying mechanism between resiliency and marital burnout. Therefore, developing selfdifferentiation in married women could be a good way to protect them in the face of adversities during marital life.

Background Literature review has showed that family functioning is positively associated with satisfaction with life. However, the internal mechanisms of this relationship are still unclear, especially during the COVID-19. This study examined the mediating role of hope and resilience in the association between family functioning and life satisfaction of female university students in COVID-19 pandemics. Methods A cross-sectional online study was done throughout the fifth wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. A total of 480 female students were recruited from Lorestan University. Data was collected by the State Hope Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Family APGAR Index, and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. Data analysis were based on structural equation modeling. Results Family functioning exerted a significant direct effect on hope, on resilience and on life satisfaction. Also, according to the findings, hope and resilience pose a significant mediating effect in the association between family functioning and life satisfaction. Conclusion This study provides a better perspective regarding the protective role of hope, family functioning, and resilience on life satisfaction among female university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Training of such skills is needed to increase life satisfaction in female university students.

Introduction: The assessment of global mental health indicates a rise in mental disorders especially those related to depression. Aim: Considering the high prevalence of depression symptoms and its serious implications, the aim of current study was to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between self-criticism and depression. Method: The research design was descriptive-correlational. Statitical population was dormitory male students at the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, in Tehran, in the academic year of 2018-2019. A total of 270 students were selected via convenience sampling. Data was collected using General Self-efficacy Scale, Self- Criticising Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze data via SPSS-21. Results: Results showed that the relationship between self-criticism and depression (r=0.70, p<0.01) was significantly positive. On the other hand, self-efficacy and depression related to one another negatively (r=-0.47, p<0.01), as so did self-criticism and self-efficacy (r=-0.59, p<0.01). Results from hierarchical regression suggested self-efficacy not midiate the relationship between self-criticism and depression (P=0.096) although 49.6% of the depression variance was accounted by the two variables. Conclusion: Overall, given the direct effect of self-criticism on depression, it is reasonable to expect that diminished self-criticism reduces depression among university students.