Rhodomyrtone, an Antibiotic from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. --(DACHRIYANUS; SALNI; SARGENT, MELVYN V.; SKELTON, BRIAN W.; SOEDIRO, IWANG; SUTISNA, MUMU; WHITE, ALLAN H.; YULINAH, ELIN; Aust.

Abstract. Pratiwi R, Anwar C, Salni, Hermansyah, Novrikasari, Ghiffari A, Putra R, Huda A. 2019. Species diversity and community composition of mosquitoes in a filariasis endemic area in Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 453-462. Mosquitoes are well known as the most medically important arthropod vectors which should be monitored and evaluated because of their potential to transmit diseases. One step in monitoring and evaluation could be conducted by assessing the presence of prevalent mosquito’s vectors including their species diversity and composition. The present study has successfully recorded the diversity and community composition of mosquitoes in two villages in Banyuasin District, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted for four months from December 2016 to March 2017 by collecting mosquitoes using Indoor and Outdoor Human Landing Collection method (HLC). The result shows that there were 8239 mosquitoes collected consisting of 12 genera and 38 species. Mansonia is found as the most dominant genus in Sedang Village, while in Muara Sugih Village, Culex is the most dominant. Assessment on species diversity showed that Sedang Village haes higher diversity compared to Muara Sugih Village. Further analysis indicates that environmental characteristics and presence of water plant play important role in the diversity, abundance, and dominance of mosquitoes. Waterlogged area covered with Pistia stratiotes in Sedang Village likely facilitate the breeding of Mansonia spp while extensive rice field in Muara Sugih Village may enable the high numbers of Culex spp. Anopheles spp. and Aedes spp. mosquitoes. The findings of this study suggest the rationale for the high cases of filariasis in Banyuasin District. Future research should be directed to reveal mosquitoes’ dispersal pattern and its potential as disease vector, the risk of transmitted disease, and further prevention to reduce the number of filariasis cases.

This study successfully synthesized a core-shell-shell in the form of CoFe 2 O 4 -SiO 2 -TiO 2 catalyst magnetic and recyclable. The catalyst was employed for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye. Subsequently, the catalyst was subjected to XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, VSM, as well as UV-DRS characterizations. The photocatalytic degradation was studied as a function of the solution pH, MO concentration, and irradiation time, while the kinetics of photocatalytic degradation and the catalyst reusability were also evaluated. On the basis of the XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS characterizations, the CoFe 2 O 4 coating was successfully carried out using SiO 2 and TiO 2 . CoFe 2 O 4 -SiO 2 -TiO 2 was discovered to possess magnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 17.59 emu/g and a bandgap value of 2.4 eV. The photocatalytic degradation of MO followed the Langmuir-Hishelwood model. The optimum degradation was obtained at the MO concentration of 25 mg/L, solution pH of 4, catalyst dose of 0.05 g/L, irradiation time of 160 minutes, MO removal efficiency achieved 93.46%. The regeneration study showed CoFe 2 O 4 -SiO 2 -TiO 2 after 5 cycles were able to catalyze the photocatalytic degradation with an MO removal efficiency of 89.96%.

Abstract-XRD analysis showed that Bentonite area of Jambi region composed of the mineral kaolinite, monmorrilonit, quartz and cristobalit. Minerals that are most monmorillonit the average content was 51.96%, with an average density of 2193 g-1cm-1. The results of the analysis by Scanning Electron Microskopy (SEM) and Energy Disvertive Spektroskopy (EDS), showed that the shape of smooth surfaces and coated bentonite, the biggest constituent composition is SiO2 and Al2O3 with an average of 50.01% and 30.65% by weight. The ability of bentonite to improve pH, color, Fe and organic matter peat water is relatively varied. The addition of bentonite did not significantly affect the pH of peat water, but good enough in reducing the color content 65.60%, organic matter 59.1%, and 35.89% Fe contained in the peat water.

Nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized by coprecipitation method and tested its antibacterial properties. Nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized using CaO precursors from snakehead (Channa striata) fish bones and (NH4)2HPO4. The synthesis was carried out with temperature variations of 30, 60, 80, and 100 °C. Antibacterial activity was determined using two types of bacteria, namely gram-positive and gram-negative. The XRD spectra show that the highest peak is hydroxyapatite synthesized at a temperature of 100 °C. Hydroxyapatite produced from various synthesis temperatures has the size of nanoparticles in the range 37.32-49.27 nm. The nano-hydroxyapatite functional groups are characterized using FTIR, the analysis indicate the presence of OH, CO32‒ and PO43‒. The molar ratio Ca/P is obtained of 1.71 approaching theoretical hydroxyapatite of 1.67. The resulted nano-hydroxyapatite has significant antibacterial properties to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.