Objective This study aimed to explore the role of nine microRNAs (miRNAs) in microparticles (MPs) on the efficacy of aerobic exercise in the regulation of inflammation and vascular function in obesity. Methods Sedentary women with normal weight (n = 6, BMI < 25 kg/m2) and women with obesity (n = 9, BMI > 30 kg/m2) were recruited at F. Hached Hospital (Sousse, Tunisia) and enrolled in an 8‐week aerobic program. Vascular function was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry/iontophoresis, circulating MPs by flow cytometry, miRNAs by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and inflammation by ELISA, before and after exercise. Results Women with obesity presented with high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and a higher circulating MP level compared with healthy subjects. The MP miRNA profile was significantly different in the two groups. Exercise reduced BMI and inflammation in both groups and significantly improved endothelial‐dependent response (acetylcholine cutaneous vascular conductance) for healthy subjects, with a trend for women with obesity. Circulating MP level was increased after exercise, and miRNA expression was differentially modulated in both populations. Pearson analysis revealed a correlation between MPs miR‐124a and miR150 and adiponectin, TNFα, or IL‐6 levels. Conclusions The relation between MPs and miRNA profile, inflammation, vascular function, and exercise is of particular interest for defining “miRNA biomarker signature” in patients with cardiovascular disease who are potentially susceptible to respond to exercise.

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Objective: To explore the pathophysiological profile of patients who have obesity and to investigate the potential role of circulating microparticles (MPs) in endothelial dysfunction in patients who have obesity. Methods: The inflammatory and oxidative status and the cutaneous microvascular blood flow were characterized in 69 patients with android obesity and 46 subjects with normal weight (controls) by using laser Doppler flowmetry. Circulating MP levels were measured by flow cytometry, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression in MPs was investigated by Western blotting. MP effect on vascular reactivity was assessed in rat aorta rings. Results: Patients with obesity showed endothelial dysfunction, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In controls, low MP levels were positively correlated with normal microvascular function. Western blot analysis revealed reduced eNOS and increased NOX4D expression in MPs from subjects with obesity compared with controls. However, this was not correlated with endothelial dysfunction parameters and did not impair ex vivo endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Conclusions: These results suggest that MPs do not contribute directly to endothelial dysfunction associated with obesity. Conversely, eNOS-and NOX-containing MPs could be involved in the compensatory mechanism of vascular endothelial cells to counteract the pathologic mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction.

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