The growing spread of particularly dangerous diseases (variations of rust) in the grain-bearing countries raises fears of the harmfulness of phytopathogens increasing. In the years favorable for their development, a sharp decrease in the productivity of the ear and the quality of the grain is observed. The high potential of the pathogen to produce new aggressive disease variations makes most grain varieties susceptible to this pathogen. To determine the immunological value of breeding lines of winter wheat, we conducted immunological studies on the experimental base of the Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing in 2015-2020. Under the conditions of artificial infectious background at a specialized facility, a targeted immunological assessment was carried out on 28 lines of irrigated winter bread wheat, 24 lines of rainfed winter bread wheat and 20 lines of winter durum wheat. An artificially infectious background was created using a population of rust uredospores: P. striiformis, P. triticina, P. graminis. According to the reaction to the pathogen population, the breeding lines were divided into resistance types according to the established disease resistance scales. The authors analyzed the state of resistance of the winter wheat line of Kazakhstan breeding to the rust population in the conditions of the southeast of Kazakhstan. The paper characterizes the reactions of breeding lines to rust pathogens P. striiformis, P. triticina, P. graminis. Based on the immunological assessment, two lines of common wheat, one line of soft wheat and four lines of durum wheat with resistance were isolated using a reaction to P. striiformis with no signs of disease. Five lines of common wheat showed moderate resistance to this pathogen. The other (79.2%) breeding lines of winter wheat were characterized as moderately susceptible and susceptible to the rust pathogen. The identified breeding lines combine high economically valuable traits (productivity) and resistance to yellow rust and are of the greatest immunological value. This proves the prospects and expediency of their further use in the breeding improvement of the local agroecotype of winter wheat.

Puccinia striiformis AbstStripe rust (yellow rust) caused by Puccinia striiformis Pst) f. sp. tritici is one of the most dangerous diseases of wheat. Marker assist stance gene Pst. Evaluation of seedling resistance to Pst allowed us to select 2 lines simultaneously resist Race 7E63 was avirulent to most studied lines demonstrated a resistant and moderately resistant reaction to the causative agent of yellow rust at the adult plant stage Yr18/Lr34 gene complex in 5 RIL. The frequency of resistant genotypes inheriting the Yr18 gene was 22.7%. The results can be used in MAS wheat breeding programs to increase resistance to yellow rust of wheat.wheat, yellow rust, Puccinia striiformis, resistance genes, molecular markers.

In recent years, intensified development of stem rust of wheat has again been noted in the grain-growing regions of Kazakhstan. To determine the genetic basis of immunity in 2015 -2019, the authors performed targeted studies in the conditions of the southeast and north of Kazakhstan on the natural and the artificially infectious backgrounds of inoculation. Their scientific novelty consisted in identifying effective Sr genes of wheat resistance to the Kazakhstan population of stem rust. The obtained results of the immunological assessment of the trap varieties show that most studied genotypes with the Sr genes were susceptible to the Kazakhstan population of stem rust. With that, the varieties carrying the Sr31 gene have been affected to varying degrees. It should be especially noted that the Sr31 gene in combination with the Sr24 gene ensured more reliable protection from the population of the stem rust pathogen. The authors have selected the obtained resistance genes by their efficiency: Sr2 complex; Sr11; Sr21; Sr31; Sr36; Sr39; Sr40, SrSatu; SrNin, as well as combinations of the Sr24 and 1RS-Am genes; Sr24.31; Sr6.31.21; Sr6,24,36,1RS-Am; Sr7a, Sr12, Sr6; and Sr31 absent. The authors recommend them as sources of resistance to the local stem rust population.

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