Unequal access to food is one of the main issues in nutritional history, but scarcity of sources has hampered the quantification of this phenomenon. This study uses hospital diets to address this gap. It uses records from between 1852 and 1923 concerning hospital diets in the psychiatric section of the Hospital General de Valencia (Spain), from which it is possible to infer the actual intake of nutrients for six groups of patients and members of staff. The results reveal considerable differences in terms of diet and nutrition. While the most favoured groups (nuns and well-off patients) had by 1852 reduced their relative intake of cereals and increased that of meat, in line with the general trend of the nutritional transition, the poor and orphans were still behind the trend by 1923. Hospital staff were on a high-calorie diet that was adequate for carrying out physically demanding tasks, yet still suffered from a significant deficit in nutrient intake. These inequalities indicate that the nutritional transition was an uneven and non-linear process, with substantial differences according to social group.
Fixed‐rent contracts do not free landlords from the need to supervise the land if it is of high value and fragile fertility, nor do they free them from the costs of monitoring farmers if they are poor peasants prone to fall into arrears. In such cases, however, compensation for improvements will encourage tenants to farm with care and act as a bond against non‐payment of rent. This article studies the repercussions of these kinds of situations by analysing what happened in nineteenth‐century Valencia, where being the owners of the improvements led to tenants eventually becoming the owners of the land.
Fundamento: Los adolescentes presentan con relativa frecuencia trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, depresivos, del aprendizaje y conductas violentas, detectados tardíamente en muchas ocasiones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la presencia de signos de alerta ante estos trastornos entre los adolescentes y relacionarlos con el entorno social y familiar y los hábitos de vida. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, mediante encuesta a 2.178 adolescentes de 12 a 16 años, representativos de los adolescentes de Cantabria. Los signos de alerta se definieron a partir de los criterios de la Asociación Médica Americana y Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría. Resultados: El 4,2% de los adolescentes presenta signos de alerta de trastornos del aprendizaje, asociados al sexo masculino, a la asistencia a colegios públicos y a repetir curso. El 4,3% y el 10,2% presenta signos de alerta de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y trastornos depresivos, respectivamente, estando ambos asociados al sexo femenino. El 8,4% tiene signos de alerta de conductas violentas, más frecuente en varones. Los signos investigados están distribuidos homogéneamente y aumentan con la edad. Están asociados de forma estadísticamente significativa con mayor consumo de tabaco, alcohol y drogas ilegales, episodios de embriaguez y determinado uso del tiempo libre por parte de los propios adolescentes, y con mayor consumo de sustancias adictivas por amigos y familiares. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de signos de alerta en la adolescencia y sus consecuencias individuales y familiares, a corto y a largo plazo, justifican la detección en atención primaria, mediante cuestionarios sencillos que orienten al diagnóstico precoz.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.