ResumenLa producción interna de maíz ha sido insuficiente para abastecer la demanda doméstica. Por otra parte, las importaciones del grano han ido en aumento a partir de la apertura comercial y en especial desde el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN), lo cual es resultado del cambio de políticas agrícolas. Este documento analiza el contexto de la producción nacional de maíz y los cambios a partir de la entrada en vigor del TLCAN y el desarrollo de la dependencia a las importaciones de maíz por parte de México. La metodología empleada es la siguiente, primero se realiza un análisis exploratorio de la oferta y la demanda de maíz en México en el periodo de 1980 a 2011, después con la finalidad de identificar las principales variables que determinan la oferta y demanda se plantea un sistema de ecuaciones simultáneas, el cual se estima a través del método de mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas. Los resultados indican que México presenta una creciente dependencia a las importaciones de maíz y también que el mercado interno está influenciado principalmente por el precio esperado medio rural. Se recomienda analizar y replantear el papel del Estado promoviendo en el sector políticas de fomento más contundentes y efectivas. AbstractThe internal maize production has not been sufficient to supply domestic demand. On the other hand, imports of the grain have increased due to trade openness and especially since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which is the result of changes on agricultural policies. This paper analyses the context of national maize production, the changes made since NAFTA was enacted and the development of Mexico's dependence on maize imports. The methodology used is the following. First an exploratory analysis was carried out on the supply and demand of maize in Mexico from 1980-2011. Subsequently, in order to identify the main variables that determine the supply and demand, a system of simultaneous equations was laid out, which was estimated through the two-stage least squares method. The results show that Mexico has a growing dependence on maize imports and also that the internal market is mainly influenced by the rural expected average price. It is recommended to analyze and reestablish the role of the State in promoting more convincing and effective fostering policies in the agricultural sector.Keywords: food security, maize demand, model of simultaneous equations, maize supply. IntroducciónEn el comportamiento del consumo y la producción per cápita en México desde 1980 hasta 2010 se observan dos puntos en el que la producción per cápita abasteció casi por completo al consumo; en 1982 donde el consumo supera en tres kilos y medio, mientras que en 1993 es superado por un kilo y medio. De igual forma se observa que el comportamiento del consumo y la producción es similar a pesar de que la brecha entre ambos se ha ampliado durante de los últimos años. Se calcula que en promedio el consumo supera a la producción por más de 45 kg durante el periodo completo. La brecha se amplía...
Dry bean is the leading source of low-cost plant-based proteins in Mexico. However, in the years following the liberalization of the economy, Mexico experienced the erosion of a self-sufficiency index for this commodity. Impending changes in the international markets for proteins compel us to reevaluate the role of dry bean for Mexico’s food security. In the present paper we set out to analyze the last link of the marketing chain in Mexico’s dry bean market: the consumer. Using data on household expenditure for 2018, the relationship between income and expenditure on dry bean as well as on processed bean is ascertained by means of the Working-Leser Engel Curve equations system. Due to the presence of zero-expenditure households in the sample, we followed the two-step Heckit procedure for the possible selection bias. The results suggest that the budget share for dry bean and for processed bean drops as income increases. The corrected conditional elasticity for dry bean is −0.1056. For processed bean, the elasticity is −0.2286. The negative sign indicates that both commodities are inferior goods.
Coaliciones territoriales y desarrollo rural en América Latina Territorial coalitions and rural development in Latin America Fernández, M. Ignacia y Raúl H. Asensio (eds.) (2014), ¿Unidos podemos? CoaliCiones territoriales y desarrollo rUral en amériCa latina,
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