Background: The causes of unscheduled returns to the emergency department (ED) within 72 hours of discharge are unclear. A study was undertaken to identify factors associated with this quality care indicator. Methods: 250 cases and 250 controls from the ED were prospectively studied. Outcomes measured were unscheduled returns, post-ED destination, and patient dissatisfaction. Possible medical errors (in diagnosis, treatment, prognosis or patient information) and errors in follow up care were identified. Other factors examined included chief complaint at presentation, discharge diagnosis, level of triage, category of treating physician, observation or not, application of emergency treatment, ancillary studies, accessibility to ED, ED time band or work shift, day of the week, past medical history, and demographic data (age, sex, educational level and economic status). Results: The main factor associated with unscheduled returns was error in prognosis (odds ratio 18.62, 95% CI 9.60 to 36.09). Advanced age and a chief complaint of dyspnoea were also associated with unscheduled returns and with admission to hospital. Post-ED destination worsened by 0.61 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.90) with diagnostic errors and by 0.60 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.90) with errors in follow up care. Patient dissatisfaction increased by 0.68 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.80) with information errors, by 0.63 (95% CI 0.17 to 1.09) with errors in follow up care, and by 0.52 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.94) with diagnostic errors. Conclusion: Unscheduled returns are associated with medical errors in prognosis, treatment, follow up care, and information. A worse post-ED destination is associated with these medical errors and patient factors (dyspnoea and advanced age). Patient dissatisfaction is associated with medical errors, level of triage or care zone, patient educational level and ED time work shift. Most of these factors are modifiable.
RESUMENIntroducción. Las características de los pacientes mayores de 65 años que retornan a urgencias no han sido suficientemente descritas. El propósito de este estudio consiste en conocer los elementos diferenciadores de los mayores que retornan al Servicio de Urgencias Hospitalario (SUH) y valorar el impacto de ese retorno inesperado en el paciente mayor. Material y métodos.Estudio retrospectivo analítico observacional cuya unidad de análisis es el retorno inesperado al SUH. El examen de los datos comienza con una descripción de toda la muestra. A continuación se realizan comparaciones de variables clínicas y asistenciales, así como de destino al alta entre pacientes mayores y más jóve-nes que retornan y entre mayores que retornan y que no lo hacen. Se prefija como resultado estadísticamente significativo para todas las pruebas de contraste el nivel de p≤0,05.Resultados. El 61% de los motivos de consulta en la primera visita de los pacientes mayores retornados fueron las alteraciones neurológicas (p<0,001). Sólo el 22% de ellos habían sido atendidos por médicos adjuntos en la primera visita (p=0,001). Al retornar a urgencias ingresaron el 63% de ellos frente al 28% de los más jóvenes (p<0,001).Discusión. Existen diferencias entre los pacientes mayores que retornan con los que no lo hacen y también con respecto a los adultos jóvenes. El impacto del retorno sobre este grupo de pacientes viene reflejado por las altas tasas de ingresos. Sería conveniente la adaptación de recursos a las necesidades especiales para este tipo de usuario en los SUH.Palabras clave. Ancianos. Servicio de urgencias hospitalario. Readmisión. Indicadores de calidad. ABSTRACTBackground. The characteristics of patients aged 65 years and over that return to the Emergency Department (ED) have not been sufficiently analysed. The aim of this study is to determine the differentiating elements of the elderly that return to ED and evaluate the impact on them of such a return.
RESUMENLa necesidad de atención médica de la población inmigrante crece en la misma proporción en que aumenta el número de inmigrantes residentes en España. En el presente trabajo se revisan las características sociodemográficas de la población inmigrante que consulta en urgencias y se discuten cuáles son las particularidades médicas (neurocisticercosis, tuberculosis, infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida, hepatitis, paludismo, parasitosis, síndrome de Ulises) y paramédicas (conocimiento de la tarjeta sanitaria, concepto de la medicina, barrera idiomática) que los diferencian de la población autóctona. No obstante, por tratarse de población joven, y en un principio sana, sus motivos de consulta no difieren en gran manera de la población general. Es de destacar la elevada satisfacción de esta población con la atención dispensada en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios.Palabras clave. Inmigrantes. Urgencias hospitalarias. ABSTRACTThe need for medical care of the immigrant population is growing in proportion to the increase in the number of immigrants resident in Spain. This article reviews the socio-demographic characteristics of the immigrant population that come for consultations in the emergency services and discusses those particularities, both medical (neurocysticercosis, tuberculosis, infection by the AIDS virus, hepatitis, malaria, parasitosis, Ulysses syndrome) and paramedical (knowledge of the health card, concept of medicine, language barrier), that differentiate them from the native population. Nonetheless, since we are dealing with a young population that is in principle healthy, their reasons for consultation do not greatly differ from the general population. It is worth drawing attention to the high level of satisfaction of this population with the care afforded them in the hospital emergency services.
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