In the present study, the reproducibility and postoperative stability of a 3D printed surgical guide were evaluated in mandibular reconstruction with an osteocutaneous free flap (OCFF), including a fibular free flap (FFF) and deep circumflex iliac artery free flap (DCIA). Fifteen patients were enrolled, and a 3D surgical guide was fabricated by simulation surgery using preoperative (T0) Computed tomography (CT) images. Mandibular reconstruction was performed with OCFF using the 3D surgical guide. Postoperative CTs were taken immediately, 1 week (T1), and 6 months (T2) after surgery, to evaluate the reproducibility of the 3D surgical guide and condyle stability. Error of the 3D surgical guide ranged from 0.85 to 2.56 mm. There were no differences in reproducibility according to flap type. Condylar error and error at mandible midpoint were significantly different in FFF. However, there was no difference in DCIA error between the condyle and mandible midpoint. Regarding condyle stability 6 months after surgery, condyles moved more than 2 mm (up to 2.85 mm) in FFF, whereas there were no significant movement in DCIA. Careful intraoperative flap fixation and closed postoperative observation should be considered for stable clinical outcome, especially in the case of FFF.

A patient was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus and consequently underwent a unilateral total maxillectomy and reconstruction using an anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap. Soft tissue transplantation without a bone graft at the large maxillary defect site caused a midfacial collapse, which worsened, especially after radiotherapy. The 3-dimensional positioning of the composite flap for wide maxillary reconstruction is aesthetically important. To achieve ideal symmetry and aesthetics, a mirror image was created using the normal contralateral side. Through computer simulation, the function and symmetry of the virtually reconstructed maxilla was evaluated, and the surgical guide was made using a 3D printing system. Based on the prepared surgical guide, a deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) free flap was harvested, and its implementation in the reconstruction ultimately led to satisfactory results. Utilization of mirror image based virtual surgical planning and a 3D printing guide is a significantly effective method for maxilla reconstruction with DCIA flaps.

Background: Fibula free flap mandible reconstruction is the standard procedure after wide resection of the mandible. Establishment and maintenance of normal occlusion are important in mandible reconstruction both intraoperatively and after surgery. However, scar formation on the surgical site can cause severe fibrosis and atrophy of soft tissue in the head and neck region. Case presentation: Here, we report a case of severe soft tissue atrophy that appeared along with scar formation after mandibular reconstruction through the fibular free flap procedure. This led to normal occlusion collapse after it was established, and the midline of the mandible became severely deviated to the affected side that was replaced with the fibula free flap, leading to facial asymmetry. We corrected the malocclusion with a secondary operation: a sagittal split ramus osteotomy on the unaffected side and a sliding osteotomy on the previous fibula graft. After a healing time of 3 months, implants were placed on the fibula graft for additional occlusal stability. Conclusion: We report satisfactory results from the correction of malocclusion after fibula reconstruction using sliding fibula osteotomy and sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The midline of the mandible returned to its original position and the degree of facial asymmetry was reduced. The implants reduced difficulties that the patient experienced with masticatory function.

No abstract