The main aim of the current study is to fabricate an osteocompatible, bioactive, porous, and degradable bone tissue engineering scaffold. For this purpose, bioactive glasses (BGs) were chosen due to their similarity to bone’s natural mineral composition, and the effect of replacing Ca ions with Sr on their properties were considered. First, strontium-containing BGs (Sr-BGs) were synthesized using the electrospinning technique and assembled by the sol–gel method, then they were incorporated into the alginate (Alg) matrix. Photographs of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the BG nanofibers have a diameter of 220 ± 36 nm, which was smaller than the precursor nanofibers (275 ± 66 nm). The scaffolds possess a porous internal microstructure (230–330 nm pore size) with interconnected pores. We demonstrated that the scaffolds could be degraded in the acetate sodium buffer and phosphate-buffered saline. The osteoactivity of the scaffolds was confirmed via visual inspection of the SEM illustrations after seven days of immersing them in the SBF solution. In vitro

Echinococcus granulosus-developed metacestodes in the cultured medium are used for the assessment of its susceptibility to different compounds; however, this procedure is time-consuming and risky. In the present study, aspirated protoscoleces from the infected sheep were used to evaluate the effects of glucose, as an energy source, as well as ascorbic acid, as an antioxidant vitamin, on larval development. Protoscoleces were maintained in RPMI1640 culture media containing 10% fetal calf serum, as well as different concentrations of glucose (6 and 8 mg/ml) and ascorbic acid (25, 50, and 100 µg/ml). A culture medium containing 4 mg/ml of glucose was served as the control. Larger cysts were achieved in a shorter time from the medium enriched with 6 mg/ml of glucose (740 ± 20 µm) compared to the control group (420 ± 40 µm). However, in the groups treated with ascorbic acid, the number of cysts was higher in 100 µg/ml (32.5 ± 0.7) compared to the control group (12.5 ± 0.7). Additionally, the mature cysts were achieved on the 7th day of cultivation with 100 µg/ml of ascorbic acid compared to 18 days in the control group.

Absatract: In recent decades, the improvement of photoreceptor/ cell transplantation has been used as an effective therapeutic approach to treat retinal degenerative diseases. In this reviwe, the effect of different factors on the differentiation process and stem cells toward photoreceptors along with cell viability, morphology, migration, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation efficiency was discussed. It is no wonder that scientists are researching to better recognize the reasons for retinal degeneration, as well as discovering novel therapeutic methods to restore lost vision. In this field, several procedures and treatments in the implantation of stem cells-derived retinal cells have explored with some example of clinical trials. Although these clinical trials are too small to draw stable decisions about whether stem-cell therapies can offer a cure for retinal diseases. However, the future research directions have started for patients affected by retinal degeneration and promising findings have been obtained.

Echinococcus granulosus-developed metacestodes in the cultured medium are used for the assessment of its susceptibility to different compounds; however, this procedure is time-consuming and risky. In the present study, aspirated protoscoleces from the infected sheep were used to evaluate the effects of glucose, as an energy source, as well as ascorbic acid, as an antioxidant vitamin, on larval development.Protoscoleces were maintained in RPMI 1640 culture media containing 10% fetal calf serum, as well as different concentrations of glucose (6 and 8 mg/ml) and ascorbic acid (25, 50, and 100 µg/ml). A culture medium containing 4 mg/ml of glucose was served as the control. Larger cysts were achieved in a shorter time from the medium enriched with 6 mg/ml of glucose (740 ± 20 µm) compared to the control group (420 ± 40 µm). However, in the groups treated with ascorbic acid, the number of cysts was higher in 100 µg/ml (32.5 ± 0.7) compared to the control group (12.5 ± 0.7). Additionally, the mature cysts were achieved on the 7th day of cultivation with 100 µg/ml of ascorbic acid compared to 18 days in the control group.