Dictionaries are an integral part of language learning process to fulfill learners’ linguistic and academic needs. Recently, COVID-19 pandemic has had many effects on students’ life and learning styles, forcing them to switch to electronic learning during lockdown restrictions. As a result, electronic and Internet-based dictionaries became more available, altering learners’ attitudes in dealing with various types of dictionaries. This study aims at presenting an overview of Iranian university students’ attitudes, habits, and preferences in dictionary use in light of recent changes in their learning environment. Our goal is to gather data from Iranian students of translation studies through conducting a small-scale survey, adopted from the literature, and a number of semistructured interviews in order to explore their dictionary use and habits, means of obtaining dictionaries, types of dictionaries used for translation purposes, and the instructions they received on using dictionaries. The findings presented that the majority of students prefer electronic dictionaries; however, gender does not have a significant effect on the educational use of dictionaries. This study has some implications that could help authorities to advance electronic-based learning at universities.

Background A woman's age of menarche as well as her age of menopause are two important points in her reproductive life. Furthermore, hypertension (HTN) is one of the important causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as death, and has been considered as a public health issue all around the world. The current study aims at investigating the association of the age of menarche and menopause with HTN in menopausal women. Methods The participants who took part in this cross-sectional study included 1500 postmenopausal women. Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BHPAQ), blood sample and blood pressure (BP) data were analyzed. The researchers examined the association using logistic regression. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS v.21 software. The significance level was considered P<0.05 for all the tests. Results Results was seen between the age of menarche and systolic BP (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, r=0.086, p=0.001). No significant relationship was observed between the age of menarche and menopause with the chance of high BP in postmenopausal women. A significant relationship was reported between the age of menarche and systolic BP in postmenopausal women. The level of cholesterol (P<o/oo1) and LDL (P<o/oo1) had a positive effect on increasing systolic BP. However, FBS had a negative effect on increasing BP. Conclusions These results suggested that the associations of age at menarche with hypertension could be reduced by factors related to place of residence in Iran and knowledge of the association between age at menarche and living in urban areas, number of children, cholesterol levels, LDL, and FBS in women help prevent the development of hypertension.

Some impediments in language learning may have a detrimental impact on learners’ actual performance on the test and lead to anxiety and demotivation. Language achievement is influenced by self-assessment (SA), academic resilience (AR), academic motivation (AM), and test-taking skills (T-TS) among other factors. Considering the relevance of these factors in language achievement, the current investigation aims to delve into the probable interactions of SA, AR, AM, T-TS, and test anxiety (TA) management among English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. A model was devised and evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to achieve this objective. This research collected 512 by distributing online questionnaires to fifteen approved private institutions which applied Telegram-based language learning. The study findings reflected that SA, AR, and AM could predict EFL learners’ T-TS. It was also confirmed that SA, AR, and AM modulated EFL learners’ TA. The implications of the study are presented and accompanied by some future research proposals as well as instructional consequences.