Summary Burgeoning organizational research has begun to explore how self‐compassion or the compassion individuals give to themselves in times of suffering may positively contribute to organizational outcomes. This review describes self‐compassion and its theoretical underpinnings in a workplace context, systematically reviews the current empirical literature on self‐compassion using samples of working adults, critically analyzes the current state of the literature, and provides recommendations for robust future research. In the process, we offer a dynamic, process‐based conceptualization of self‐compassion that aligns past research with current directions in organizational compassion and several suggestions for using a processual approach to improve theoretical and empirical rigor. We also guide future scholarly work surrounding self‐compassion in organizations by highlighting fundamental research questions that could advance our theoretical understanding of self‐compassion in organizational contexts.

Computation of scattering from multi-wavelength bodies is expensive, and costs scale with up to the sixth power of incident frequency. Conventional integral-equation time-domain methods have costs scaling with the fifth power. Here are described modifications to the IETD approach that offer the prospect of a reduction in cost scaling, to possibly the third power of frequency, and an associated large reduction in cost. The approach exploits the pulsed nature of the illumination, which results in surface fields that are small most of the time over most of the body, on bodies that are electrically large. Neglect of these produces some modest increase in error, but allows large reductions in cost and storage requirements. In the examples shown, cost reductions by amounts approaching two orders of magnitude are obtained, with the factor by which costs are reduced itself increasing with roughly the square of the body size; storage requirements are rendered essentially negligible. Introductionomputation of scattering from multi-wavelength bodies is costly (at least until sizes at which optical methods become applicable are reached). The cost of such analyses scales with some power of the incident frequency [ 11. For frequency-domain integral-equation methods, this power is six. For FDTD it is nominally four, but in practice it is rather higher, given a frequency-depend-(IETD) methods, the cost scales with the fifth power of incident frequency. The issue is complicated somewhat by the ability of time-domain approaches to provide answers at multiple frequencies, and of frequency-domain integral approaches to provide monostatic characterization for not much more than the cost of a single run. Much as does the operation count, storage needs also scale quite severely with frequency. It varies between methods, but scaling is typically with about the fourth power of frequency. ant "nodes per wavelength" [ 2 ] . For integral-equation time-domainThere is considerable effort presently being aimed at reducing such costs: the matrix-localization and associated techniques applied to frequency-domain integral-methods [3] are examples. We will, in this paper, concentrate on the IETD approach, and will describe modifications to the usual algorithm that, at the price of some loss in accuracy, offer marked reductions in both cost and cost scaling. The modifications are applicable only to bodies that are electrically large, but these are, of course, those where high cost is an issue.In Section 3, we will outline the IETD approach, in part to allow the origin of the usual fifth-power cost scaling to be described, and to provide a platform from which we will describe the physical basis of the reduced-cost algorithm. In Section 4, we will discuss the implementation of the reduced-cost algorithm, explaining the means by which operations may be caused to scale with about the third power of frequency, and storage needs with the second power. Results of the approach, both relating to the accuracy loss and to the reductions in operations ...

We investigated why women may have lower desires and intentions to apply to become a member of a leadership group (i.e., committee) than men when the majority of its members are men. In four studies, we examined the interaction between gender and gender composition of the leadership group on leader candidates’ sense of power, desire to lead, and intentions to apply to become a member of a leadership group. Informed by research on gender, perceived power, and the model of goal-directed behavior, we found that women, compared to men, expected lower sense of power when considering applying to a majority-male (vs. gender-balanced) online leadership committee (Study 1A, N = 294; Study 1B, N = 278). This pattern observed for women in majority-male leadership committees was not, however, evident for men in majority female leadership committees (Study 2, N = 560). Furthermore, women’s lower sense of power explained why they expressed lower desires to lead and intentions to apply for a majority-male leadership committee compared to men. Finally, we found that increasing women’s sense of power increased their desires and intentions to lead in a majority-male committee (Study 3, N = 460). We contribute to understanding why there still exists a discrepancy in the number of men versus women in leadership groups despite ongoing efforts to reduce it. We hope readers will apply these findings by identifying ways to increase women leader candidates’ sense of power in order to increase women’s representation on leadership committees and groups (e.g., boards).

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