Rationale: Asthma is one of the most common chronic disorders of childhood and is associated with significant healthcare utilization and costs. Comorbid psychiatric illnesses, specifically depression and anxiety, are more prevalent in patients with asthma and associated with worse asthma control, more emergency department visits, and increased hospitalization rates. Objectives: We aimed to compare hospital outcomes and charges for children with severe asthma with and without comorbid depression and anxiety, hypothesizing that those with depression and anxiety would have longer hospitalizations and higher charges. Methods: Retrospective review of the 2000-2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Kids' Inpatient Databases for admissions of patients aged 10-21 years with an ICD-9 code severe asthma (status asthmaticus or any asthma diagnosis with a procedure code for endotracheal intubation). Depression and Anxiety subgroups were created based on ICD-9 codes. Data collected included demographics, hospital outcomes and charges and comparisons made between groups. Results: There were 52,485 admissions for severe asthma: 45,094 (86%) with No Comorbid Psychiatric Illnesses, 1284 (2.4%) with depression, and 1297 (2.5%) with anxiety. Patients with depression or anxiety were older, had longer hospitalizations, and higher hospital charges (p < .001 for all). Conclusions: Comorbid depression or anxiety is associated with significantly longer hospitalizations and higher charges for children with severe asthma. These findings add to prior reports of worse outcomes for children with asthma and comorbid depression or anxiety and suggest that improved screening for and management of these conditions in children with asthma could improve hospital outcomes and reduce costs.

Bardet–Biedl's syndrome (BBS) is a rare ciliopathy affecting multiple organ systems. Patients with BBS are usually diagnosed later in childhood when clinical features of the disease become apparent. We present a case of BBS discovered by whole genome sequencing in a newborn with heterotaxy, duodenal atresia, and complex congenital heart disease. Early diagnosis is important not only for prognostication but also to explore ways to mitigate the cone–rod dysfunction and for exploring newer therapies. Our case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion and the utility of advanced genetic testing to provide an early diagnosis for a rare disease.

ObjectivesType I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in this population contributes to significant healthcare utilization, including emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and ICU care. Comorbid psychiatric illnesses (CPI) are additional risks for increased healthcare utilization. While CPI increased risk for DKA hospitalization and readmission, there are no data evaluating the relationship between CPI and hospital outcomes. We hypothesized that adolescents with T1DM and CPI admitted for DKA have increased length of stay (LOS) and higher charges compared to those without CPI.MethodsRetrospective review of 2000–2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s (HCUP) Kids’ Inpatient Databases (KID). Patients 10–21 years old admitted with ICD-9 codes for DKA or severe diabetes (250.1–250.33) with and without ICD-9 codes for depression (296–296.99, 311) and anxiety (300–300.9). Comparisons of LOS, mortality, and charges between groups (No CPI, Depression and Anxiety) were made with one way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, independent samples Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction and χ2.ResultsThere were 79,673 admissions during the study period: 68,573 (86%) No CPI, 8,590 (10.7%) Depression and 12,510 (15.7%) Anxiety. Female patients comprised 58.2% (n=46,343) of total admissions, 66% of the Depression group, and 71% of the Anxiety group. Patients with depression or anxiety were older and had longer LOS and higher mean charges (p<0.001 for both).ConclusionComorbid depression or anxiety are associated with significantly longer LOS and higher charges in adolescents with T1DM hospitalized for DKA. This study adds to the prior findings of worse outcomes for patients with both T1DM and CPI, emphasizing the importance of identifying and treating these comorbid conditions.

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Congenital coronary sinus ostium atresia is a rare condition that is typically considered benign, as long as there is adequate drainage via another route. However, in children with single ventricle congenital heart disease, adequate drainage may not be assured after complex surgical interventions, putting them at risk for myocardial injury. We present a patient with complex single ventricle congenital heart disease who developed acquired coronary sinus ostium atresia after surgical intervention that was treated by a transcatheter approach to prevent the sequelae of coronary sinus hypertension. K E Y W O R D Scongenital heart disease,