simulation 45 keyframe 50 in-between 53 in-between 57 keyframe 60 in-between 65 keyframe 70Figure 1: An upward-flowing jet of ink rendered in oil pastel. An underlying simulation is used as input to guide the artwork (frame 45 is shown). Frames 50, 60 and 70 are hand-drawn keyframes, while the remaining in-betweens were generated automatically by our system. AbstractWe present a method that combines hand-drawn artwork with fluid simulations to produce animated fluids in the visual style of the artwork. Given a fluid simulation and a set of keyframes rendered by the artist in any medium, our system produces a set of in-betweens that visually matches the style of the keyframes and roughly follows the motion from the underlying simulation. Our method leverages recent advances in patch-based regenerative morphing and image melding to produce temporally coherent sequences with visual fidelity to the target medium. Because direct application of these methods results in motion that is generally not fluid-like, we adapt them to produce motion closely matching that of the underlying simulation. The resulting animation is visually and temporally coherent, stylistically consistent with the given keyframes, and approximately matches the motion from the simulation. We demonstrate the method with animations in a variety of visual styles.

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Thermal desorption (TD) remediates hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by heating the soil (200-500°C) to volatilize the hydrocarbons, effectively removing the contaminant from the soil. Knowledge of the effects of TD on remediated soil for agricultural crop production are limited, but cation exchange capacity (CEC) and selectivity for cations can be good indicators of plant productivity potential. In this study, the CEC and selectivity of cations of TD-treated and untreated topsoil and subsoil were compared using binary exchange measurements of Ca-Mg, Ca-K, and Mg-K. The tested soils were illite and smectite-dominated Mollisols that were collected near an active TD-remediation site in northwest North Dakota. Vanselow selectivity coefficients and Gibb's free energies (ΔG ex ) were computed. For all three exchanges, significant differences were observed in ΔG ex between the untreated and TD-treated topsoil. In the Ca-Mg exchange, both the untreated and TD-treated topsoil preferred Ca, whereas both TD-treated and untreated subsoils preferred Mg. For the Ca-K and Mg-K exchanges, all treatments preferred K. Cation exchange capacity values were significantly greater in the untreated subsoil of the Ca-Mg exchange and the untreated topsoil and subsoil of the Ca-K exchange than in the TD-treated soils. The differences may be caused by contrasts in soil organic C and mineralogy. Although CEC and ΔG ex differed between untreated and TD-treated soils, the cation selectivities were not altered, suggesting that the magnitude of the differences may not require alternative fertility management to retain previous soil productivity. Core Ideas• Thermal desorption is used to remediate contaminated soil.• Thermal desorption can alter Gibb's free energies.• Thermal desorption at 350°C did not change cation selectivity.