Rapid and robust sensing of nerve agent (NA) threats is necessary for real-time field detection to facilitate timely countermeasures. Unlike conventional phosphotriesterases employed for biocatalytic NA detection, this work describes the use of a new, green, thermally stable, and biocompatible zirconium metal–organic framework (Zr-MOF) catalyst, MIP-202­(Zr). The biomimetic Zr-MOF-based catalytic NA recognition layer was coupled with a solid-contact fluoride ion-selective electrode (F-ISE) transducer, for potentiometric detection of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), a F-containing G-type NA simulant. Catalytic DFP degradation by MIP-202­(Zr) was evaluated and compared to the established UiO-66-NH2 catalyst. The efficient catalytic DFP degradation with MIP-202­(Zr) at near-neutral pH was validated by 31P NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy and potentiometric F-ISE and pH-ISE measurements. Activation of MIP-202­(Zr) using Soxhlet extraction improved the DFP conversion rate and afforded a 2.64-fold improvement in total percent conversion over UiO-66-NH2. The exceptional thermal and storage stability of the MIP-202/F-ISE sensor paves the way toward remote/wearable field detection of G-type NAs in real-world environments. Overall, the green, sustainable, highly scalable, and biocompatible nature of MIP-202­(Zr) suggests the unexploited scope of such MOF catalysts for on-body sensing applications toward rapid on-site detection and detoxification of NA threats.

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Sweat is an important biofluid presents in the body since it regulates the internal body temperature, and it is relatively easy to access on the skin unlike other biofluids and contains several biomarkers that are also present in the blood. Although sweat sensing devices have recently displayed tremendous progress, most of the emerging devices primarily focus on the sensor development, integration with electronics, wearability, and data from in vitro studies and short‐term on‐body trials during exercise. To further the advances in sweat sensing technology, this review aims to present a comprehensive report on the approaches to access and manage sweat from the skin toward improved sweat collection and sensing. It is begun by delineating the sweat secretion mechanism through the skin, and the historical perspective of sweat, followed by a detailed discussion on the mechanisms governing sweat generation and management on the skin. It is concluded by presenting the advanced applications of sweat sensing, supported by a discussion of robust, extended‐operation epidermal wearable devices aiming to strengthen personalized healthcare monitoring systems.

Energy‐autonomous wearable systems and wearable microgrids have been a focus of developing the next‐generation wearable electronics due to their ability to harvest energy and to fully support the sustainable operation of wearable electronics. However, existing bioenergy harvesters require complex and low‐efficiency voltage regulation circuitry and have not achieved reliable extended operation and energy storage. In this work, the first example of integrating sweat lactate biofuel cells with a rechargeable Zn–AgCl battery into a bioenergy module for regulation‐free, high‐efficiency, extended biochemical energy harvesting and storage is demonstrated. The integrated bioenergy module is able to operate at its best efficiency due to their matching operating potentials and is characterized by robust mechanical durability enduring over 1000 cycles of repeated tensile deformation, as well as the outstanding long‐term autonomous operation that harvest 2.9 J of energy overnight from 20 min of exercise without measurable self‐discharge. A fully integrated wearable electronic skin patch, powered by two such bioenergy modules, is developed to wirelessly perform continuous sweat pH, ascorbic acid, and lactate sensing. The presented bioenergy module, adapting the wearable microgrid design considerations, delivers a practical, high‐efficiency, and reliable solution for next‐generation wearable electronics that features compatible form factors, commensurate performance, and complementary characteristics.