There are large differences in the shape and size of regional SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in Brazil. Here we tested monthly blood donation samples for IgG antibodies from March 2020 to March 2021 in eight of Brazil’s most populous cities. There was large variation in the inferred attack rate adjusted for seroreversion across cities, and seroprevalence was consistently smaller in women and donors older than 55 years. The age-specific infection fatality rate differed between cities and consistently increased with age. The infection hospitalisation rate (IHR) increased significantly during the gamma-dominated second wave in Manaus, suggesting increased morbidity of the Gamma VOC compared to previous variants circulating in Manaus. The higher disease penetrance associated with the health system’s collapse increased the overall IFR by a minimum factor of 2.91 (95% CrI 2.43–3.53). These results demonstrate large heterogeneity in epidemic spread and highlight the utility of blood donor serosurveillance to monitor SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.
Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial das mortes atribuíveis ao uso de álcool no Brasil. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico descritivo e analítico nos 5.570 municípios do Brasil, no período de 2012 a 2016. Analisaram-se a distribuição espacial, a intensidade e a significância por meio do índice de Moran Global, MoranMap, LisaMap e BoxMap. Resultados: no período estudado, houve 33.168 óbitos atribuíveis ao uso de álcool. Desses, foi observada uma maior proporção de óbitos para o sexo masculino nas faixas entre 40 a 59 anos. Os municípios que apresentaram as maiores taxas médias de mortalidade padronizadas por 100 mil habitantes foram Mata – RS (43,19), Pendências – RN (40,74), Uru – SP (36,43), Senhora do Porto – MG (35,77), Novo Alegre – TO (34,85), Arantina – MG (33,14) e Catuji – MG (32,71). O valor do Índice de Moran Global foi positivo e com significância estatística (p-valor=0,01). Evidenciou-se formação de clúster de alto/alto em municípios das regiões nordeste, sudeste e centro-oeste, enquanto foi verificada a presença de clúster de baixo/baixo nas regiões norte e sul do país. Conclusões: existe, no Brasil, um padrão de dependência espacial na distribuição das taxas de mortalidade atribuíveis ao uso do álcool
OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição espacial das taxas de mortalidade por diabetes no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico com municípios do Brasil, no período de 2012 a 2016. Analisou-se a distribuição espacial, a intensidade e a significância através do índice de Moran Global, MoranMap, LisaMap e BoxMap. RESULTADOS: No período estudado houve 293.752 óbitos por Diabetes, destes 162.743 (55,40%) são do sexo feminino; 237.428 óbitos (80,83%) com idade de 60 anos e mais; 49,56% para brancos e amarelos; 36,32% são casados; 67,77% ocorreram no hospital. Os municípios que apresentaram as maiores taxas médias de mortalidade padronizadas foram: Junco do Maranhão – MA (142,14 óbitos/100 mil hab.), Brejinho – PE (128,88), Brejo de Areia – MA (127,64), Xexéu – PE (123,96), Malhada dos Bois – SE (118,41), Jaqueira – PE (115,96) e Arara – PB (104,78). O valor do Índice de Moran Global foi positivo e com significância estatística (p-valor=0.01). Evidenciou-se formação de clúster de alto/alto em municípios das regiões norte, nordeste, sudeste e centro-oeste, enquanto que foi verificada a presença de clúster de baixo/baixo na região sul país. CONCLUSÕES: Existe no Brasil um padrão de dependência espacial na distribuição das taxas de mortalidade por Diabetes.
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for feasibility, safety, adherence, and short- and long-term efficacy in improving functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in survivors of COVID-19. Methods COVIDEX is a two-pronged, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with an 8-week training intervention. The study participants will be 94 patients aged >18 years, admitted to a specialized post-COVID center. Participants will be randomized to HIIT (4 × 4 minutes of high-intensity work periods at 85%–90% of peak heart rate) and MICT (47 minutes at 70%–75% peak heart rate) groups for biweekly sessions for 8 weeks. The participants will undergo 2 phases of supervised training (phases 1 and 2) of 4 weeks each, in a public, specialized, post-COVID center. In phase 1, we will assess and compare the feasibility, acceptability, and short-term efficacy of HIIT and MICT intervention. In phase 2, the long-term efficacy of HIIT and MICT will be assessed and compared regarding function and HRQOL. To prevent any expectation bias, all study participants and assessors will be blinded to the study hypotheses. Group allocation will be masked during the analysis. All statistical analyses will be conducted following intention-to-treat principles. Impact This study is the first randomized controlled trial that will compare the feasibility, safety, adherence, and efficacy of the HIIT and MICT intervention programs in this population. The findings will potentially provide important information and assist in clinical decision making on exercise to optimize the benefits of clinical health care in survivors of COVID-19.
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