A solution based ion exchange mediated strategy for constructing 1-D arrays of porous CoS1.0365 nanorod film from analogous 1-D array of Co3O4 film derived from pyrolysis of nanostructured cobalt hydroxycarbonate film.

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Self-organized nanoporous tin oxide films were fabricated by anodizing a tin substrate in an aqueous electrolyte containing oxalic or phosphoric acid. The films were characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, XPS, and TGA. In addition, the supercapacitive properties of the porous oxide films were measured using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge technique. The film demonstrated a maximum specific capacitance of 274 F g 21 with long life in electrochemical charge/discharge cycles.

Employing newly synthesized di-substituted tri-phenyl amine (HMP-9) and carbazole (HMP-11) dyes (with limited acidic carboxyl anchor groups), a power conversion efficiency as high as 7.03% in ZnO nanocrystallite (NC)-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is achieved. The specific molecular designs of HMP-09 and HMP-11 consisting of with and without hexyloxy spacer groups, and added tri-phenyl amine or 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole donor groups, respectively, attached on the ancillary ligands are advantageous, evidenced from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, for ZnO NC-based DSSCs.