To determine the cardiac response to intensive endurance training during prepuberty, we studied 22 male prebubertal swimmers who had been trained for at least 3 years, with a mean of 3.91 years and a standard deviation of 1.10 years, and 8 hours per week, the mean being 10.0 hours and the standard deviation 1.7 hours. The control group consisted of 21 boys of similar age, height and weight (p is more than 0.05 for all), who were not participating regularly in sporting activities. Left ventricular dimensions and systolic function were examined with M-Mode; velocities and durations of transmitral flow were measured with pulsed wave Doppler; and tissue Doppler velocities and durations were measured with pulsed wave tissue Doppler echocardiography. We determined the regional velocities of the lateral mitral annulus in four-chamber position, the left ventricular posterolateral wall, and the midseptum in long-axis position. Interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness were increased in swimmers (p is less than 0.05). All the tissue Doppler measurements were similar in both groups, except the septal isovolumic relaxation time. We observed that the left ventricular wall thickness had increased concentrically in prepubertal swimmers compared to controls, without a significant change in the left ventricular diastolic diameter. This finding is contrary to the previous studies on adult swimmers. Whether the structural changes observed in our study reflect the unique cardiac adaptation of the hearts of children to exercise will only be disclosed by longitudinal studies of prepubertal athletes.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of sample movement education program on posture characteristics of preschool children. To investigate the effects of physical education programs on preschool children's analyse of posture such as head, shoulder, vertebra, hip, feet, legs, neck, scapula, upper thrunk, abdominal and lumbal locals were evaluated. According to posture analysis of experimental group's paired samples t test; head, shoulder, feet, neck, scapula, upper trunk, abdominal and lumbal were found statistically significant (p<0.05) but there was not significant vertebrae and hip. According to control group's paired samples test results; In all posture parameters were not found significant (p>0.05). According to results of independent t test values; experimental group's shoulder, scapula, abdominal and lumbal locals values were found significant (p<0.05), another local for experimental group and control groups of all values were not found significant (p>0.05).

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