Pepper crop (Capsicum annuum,l) is considered one of the most important vegetable crops, under greenhouse conditions. This work aim to study influence of certain environmental factors (Temperature and relative humidity) on population of pepper pests i.e. aphid (Aphis gosspii), white fly (Bemisia tabaci) and spider mites (Tetranychus urticae), through growing seasons 2012 and 2 013, at two different regions (El-Dokki region, Giza governorate and El-Nobria region, Beheria governorate), Egypt. Population of white fly was the most severity compared with other pests, but population of aphid was moderately severity and population of spider mites was less severity. While, population of tested pests were more severity in El-Nobria region (Beheria governorate) than El_Dokki region (Giza governorate). However, population of tested pepper pests were increased with increasing the temperature through studied seasons. Also, population of tested pests were the most severity during the period from May to June compared with the period from January to March for to growing seasons and two regions. Population of all pepper pests were the most severity during may in El_Nobria region (Beheria governorate) during mayjune in El-Dokki region (Giza governorate) Meanwhile, relative humidity was less effectively on population of tested pepper pest through this study.

This study aimed to study the susceptibility of some tomato plant varieties to some pests and predators population during two successive seasons Nili 2011 and 2012. The obtained results revealed significant differences between the populations mean of Bemisia. Tabaci (Genn.) immature stages on Meram and the two other cultivars, while there were no significant differences in population between Rawan and supper-gekal varieties. Also a significant difference between the populations' mean of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on Tomato variety supper-gekal and the two others. The means number of Coccinella undecimpunctata and Scymnus syriacus were significant between Tomato cultivar supper-gekal and Rawan, while there were no significant differences in population between Rawan, and Meram varieties. In addition, the results reveled that, there are insignificant between the populations of Orius albidipennis on the three tested varieties. The differences between the population mean of Euseius scutalis Athias-Henriot appeared no significant on the three tested tomato varieties. The data indicated significant differences between the population of Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus cucurbitacearum (Sayed).on Meram and the two other varieties.

This study was carried out to study the effect of infested rose plants by Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) (Margarodidae : Homoptera). (in different stages of infestation) on the physiological and natural characteristics of rose oil at two locations (governorates), International Garden (Cairo Governorate) and El-Orman Garden, (Giza Governorate) under glasshouse conditions during successive seasons 2018. Data obtained showed that the most important components of rose oil such as (geraniol, citronellol, nerol, stearpoten, phenyl ethanol and bioflavonoids), acids such as Citric acid and Malic acid and vitamins such as vitamin A, B, C and vitamin D were changed its concentrations as result of infestation by I. aegyptiaca. And high infestation by I. aegyptiaca affected concentrations of these components more than medium and low infestation, respectively compared to control. In addition, data obtained showed that the most natural characteristics of rose oil such as volatility, light rotation and refraction value were changed as a result of infestation by I. aegyptiaca but other natural characteristics like freezing point did not change after infestation by I. aegyptiaca. And high infestation by I. aegyptiaca affected the natural characteristics of rose oil more than medium and low infestation, respectively compared to control.

In the present study, the infectivity of the three entomopathegnic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema riobrave and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, on the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis was studied. Moreover, the effect of these pathogens on certain biochemical and physiological aspects of the host was also studied. H. bacteriophora, appeared to be more pathogenic than S. riobrave and S. feltiae to the S. littoralis larvae. The highest production (7000 infective juveniles) was obtained, where infective juvenile production from cadavers infected with H. bacteriophora was higher than that produced from cadavers infected with S. riobrave and S. feltiae. The principle nutrients (total protein, carbohydrate and lipid) of the host larvae were highly decreased post-infection with the nematodes S. riobrave and H. bacteriophora. The activity of some larval enzymes was also affected due to infection by these nematodes. Thus, the activity of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (amylase, invertase and trehalose) changed depending on the species of the pathogen and the enzyme. Amylase activity decreased with the infection by H. bacteriophora, and the reverse was obtained with the infection by S. riobrave and S. feltiae where such activity increased. Invertase and Trehalase activity increased with the infection by three nematode species. The highest increase was obtained in case of infection by S. riobrave. Activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases increased due to infection by S. riobrave, H. bacteriophora. The only exception was a non-significant decrease in the alkaline phosphatase activities of larvae infected with S. feltiae. Whereas, the activity of transaminases (GOT and GPT) was highly decreased with the infection by H. bacteriophora and S. riobrave.

The objective of this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of four compounds ; achook 0.15% (Azadirachtin) ; cloves-oil (Syzyguim aromaticu) ;Plant extracts damaseia (Ambrosia maritime) and selecron 72.0% EC. (Profenofos) for controlling some squash plants pests; whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.); Aphis gossypii (Glover.), as well as its effects on squash leaves chlorophyll contents. Obtained results cleared that cloves oil exhibited the highest reduction percentages of A. gossypii (97.0and 796.9) followed by damaseia extract (94.2&95.1), achook o.15 % (93.0&92.3), while, selecron was the lowest one (89.7and 788.2) after five days of treatment during 2011 and 2012 seasons. While, whitefly reduction percentages after five days of treatment showed that damaseia extract exhibited the highest reduction (100and100) and(98.2and100) of both adult and immature stages ,followed by selecron 72.0% (100& 89.7) and (97.5 &85.0), cloves oil (97.5 &91.2) ,(96.3 &89.4) and achook 0.15% (95.2 &83.2), (90.9 &82.3) during the two seasons respectively. Squash leaves chlorophyll (a, b) was the highest with cloves oil treatment, followed by damaseia extract,while it was lowest with both achook and selecron treatments.