Background: Domestic injuries are one of the greatest public health challenges in the 21st century especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) with considerable association between social and economic costs. These injuries are common among children under-five in rural Egypt. Poisoning, burns, falls, wounds are common causes of children injuries at their homes. There are so many factors that had a direct or indirect effect on children injuries including child age, gender and behavior, maternal education, family socio-economic status and number and home environment. Therefore, it`s important to increase mothers` knowledge and practice continuously to be cared of their children. This study aimed to assess mothers' knowledge and subjective practice toward most common domestic injuries among under-five children. A cross sectional study design was utilized to accomplish this study at Mansoura locality from both urban and rural areas (Mansoura city and El-Baramoun village) through home visits. Convenience sampling technique was used in this study and 100 mothers of under-five children from both genders were included in the sample, while excluding children with special needs. The study was conducted throughout preparation phase, operational phase including literature review and developing the study tools and implementation phase including initial data collection. Results. Study results revealed that more than of the studied mothers had secondary education. Less than half of the studied children' age ranged from 2 to less than 3 years during occurrence of domestic injury, moreover about one fourth of them their injuries were caused by falls, in addition to about three fourths occurred due to unsafe home environment. Consequently less than two thirds of studied children exposed to low risk which can be treated at home. All of the studied mothers had improper practice regarding to burns, falls, poisoning. Conclusion. The home environment is a common place for injuries among under-five children in rural and urban areas in Mansoura locality. Additionally, mothers' subjective practices regarding to most common domestic injuries are improper and as well knowledge of them on such injuries are poor. Finally, it is recommended that continuous health education program and training courses regarding domestic safety for children and first aid measures for the mothers who have under-five children.

Background: Retinopathy is a devastating consequence of diabetes that is one of the main causes of blindness globally. As a result, it's critical to raise patient awareness of retinopathy prevention and the significance of regular follow-up. Aim: To evaluate the effect of educational sessions about prevention of retinopathy on knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic patients. Study design: This study was designed as a quasi-experimental. Sampling: The study subjects comprised of 120 diabetic patients who were at the medical outpatient clinics by using a purposive sampling technique. Tools: Four tools were developed by the researcher for collecting the data of this study as the following: tool one was a structured interviewed questionnaire that assessed patients' sociodemographic data, medical & family history. Knowledge assessment structured interview questionnaire was the second tool. Self-reported practices sheet was the third tool. Attitude Likert scale about prevention of retinopathy was the fourth tool. Results: This study revealed that, 41.5 percent of the patients were between the ages of 40 and 50. In the pre-test, patients had limited awareness about diabetic retinopathy, but this improved following the educational sessions. Diabetic patients' practice and attitude improved significantly after attending the health education sessions. Conclusion: Diabetic patients who attend the retinopathy prevention exhibited greater knowledge, improved practice and showed higher positive attitude scores compared to before attending the sessions. Recommendation: Health education sessions raise diabetic patient's awareness regarding retinopathy prevention by approaching camping in rural and urban areas.

Background: Haematemesis is one of the most common manifestations of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which is a life-threatening emergency that results in a high morbidity, mortality and treatment cost in worldwide. This study aimed to assess the nurses' knowledge and practice about caring for patients with haematemesis undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and to develop nursing guideline for nurses' caring with haematemesis patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Subjects and method: This study uses the descriptive design. This study examined the haematemesis unit in Mansoura university hospitals and El Mansoura New general hospital. The study sample was all available nurses in the above-mentioned setting 41 nurses (20 nurses from Mansoura university hospital and 21 nurses from El Mansoura New general hospital. The data collected through the following tools: -Tool I-Knowledge questionnaire sheet, Tool II-Nurses' practice checklist. Results: the findings revealed that (53.7 %) of nurses have poor knowledge and the majority of the sample (90.2%) have poor total practice level. There were statistically significance difference between (age) and practice level (pre procedure) (p=.005*). Conclusions: The majority of the nurses have poor knowledge and practice level regarding caring haematemesis patients undergoing upper GIT endoscopy. Recommendations: Activate continuous training program to refresh and update the nurse knowledge and practice.