Being frail may be associated with cognitive decline, thus, gerontological assessments and interventions should consider that these forms of vulnerability may occur simultaneously.
Our data suggest that being frail is associated with worse cognitive performance, as assessed by the MMSE. It is recommended that the assessment of frail older adults should include the investigation of their cognitive status.
ResumoIntrodução: Pesquisas documentam declínio na memória ao longo do envelhecimento, entretanto, estudos apontam que o treino gera um aumento significativo no desempenho de idosos. Objetivo: Replicar resultados internacionais referentes a treino de memória com uma amostra brasileira de idosos saudáveis e investigar mecanismos, como o uso de estratégias, que possam explicar seus benefícios. Método: 69 idosos saudáveis, subdivididos em grupo experimental (GE) e grupo controle (GC), receberam quatro sessões de treino de memória (GC recebeu o treino após o pós-teste). O treino ofereceu informações sobre memória e envelhecimento, instrução e prática em organização de listas de supermercado e grifo de idéias principais em textos. Resultados: No pós-teste o GE apresentou melhor desempenho na recordação de texto e maior uso de estratégias (organização da lista e uso de grifo). Os dois grupos relataram menor número de queixas (medidas através do MAC-Q) e processamento de informações mais rápido (símbolos do WAIS-R) no pós-teste. Conclusões: Após o treino, os idosos fazem uso mais intenso de estratégias de memória, mas este fato não garante melhor desempenho (não houve aumento na memorização da lista). Os achados para a lista sugerem a presença da deficiência da utilização: os idosos usaram a estratégia, mas não se beneficiaram dela. Palvaras-chave: Memória; treino; envelhecimento; estratégias.
AbstractIntroduction: Studies document a change in memory during the process of aging. However, studies report the possibility of improvement after training. Objective: To replicate international findings regarding the effects of memory training with a sample of Brazilian elders and to investigate mechanisms, such as the use of strategies, that can explain its benefits. Methods: 69 healthy Brazilian elders were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), and received four sessions of training (CG received training after pos-test). Training included information on memory and the process of aging, instruction and practice in organizing grocery lists and the underlining of main ideas in short texts. Results: There was superior improvement for prose recall and greater use of strategies (organizing lists and underlining texts) for the EG at post-test. Both groups reported fewer memory complaints (assessed with the MAC-Q) and faster information processing (WAIS-R Digit Symbols sub-test). Conclusions: After training, elders intensify the use of strategies, however, this fact does not guarantee a better performance (there was no significant improvement in list recalls). List recall results suggest the presence of the utilization deficiency: elders used the strategy but failed to benefit from it.
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