Mass larval population of the captive bred stock of Ompok pabda was reared successfully for the first time in India. In order to evaluate the increase of survival and growth rate of the larvae, an ex-situ experiment was continued for about 28 days with the supply of different types of food by maintaining the water quality at standard level (water velocity = 1.01 -1.26 m/s, temperature = 24.0 -29.5°C, DO 2 = 4.8 -6.4 ppm, CO 2 = 1.2 -2.9 ppm, pH = 7.3 -8.5, DOM = 0.94 -2.23 ppm and HCO 3 = 120 -176 ppm) under a specific cycling water-flow system to the larvae. The experiment revealed significantly higher (91.72 %, r = 0.987, P \ 0.01) survival and growth rate of the larvae, when zooplankton along with tubifex were offered as feed. The impact of other feeds such as tubifex (72.28 %, r = 0.822, P \ 0.05), zooplankton (73.42 %, r = 0.762, P \ 0.05), egg custard (56.80 %) and compound feed (34.28 %) were gradually less. Specific growth rate (SGR = 6.39 ± 0.58) was also highest in the larvae fed with zooplankton plus tubifex as feed. The said feed was also effective to increase the body weight at a maximum level. Therefore, the feed prepared through the use of mass cultured zooplankton and tubifex seems to be suitable under specific rearing system to promote aquaculture.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate bacterial disease outbreaks in Indian major carp from aquaculture systems in Tripura, India, and identify the bacterial species associated with these outbreaks.MethodsA 3‐year surveillance was conducted in 8 districts of Tripura, during which 9 bacterial disease outbreaks were recorded. Fourteen bacterial strains isolated from diseased Indian major carp were selected and identified using phenotypic, molecular (16S rRNA gene), and phylogenetic analysis. In‐vitro pathogenicity studies were performed to assess the potential pathogenicity of the isolated bacteria.ResultsThe selected isolated strains were preliminarily identified under the genera Aeromonas (9 isolates), Acinetobacter (1 isolate), Citrobacter (3 isolates), and Pseudomonas (1 isolate). Molecular and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the species of the isolated bacteria, including Aeromonas jandaei (with strains COF_AHE09 and COF_AHE61), Aeromonas veronii (with strains COF_AHE13, COF_AHE52, COF_AHE55, COF_AHE56, and COF_AHE62), Aeromonas hydrophila (with strains COF_AHE51 and COF_AHE58), Acinetobacter pittii (with strain COF_AHE14), Citrobacter freundii (with strains COF_AHE20, COF_AHE57, and COF_AHE59), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (with strain COF_AHE54). Behavioral and clinical signs observed in the diseased fish, such as lethargy, skin hemorrhaging, ulcers, fin and tail rot, pop eye, distended abdomen, scale loss, and skin discoloration, indicated the presence of bacterial septicemia. The in‐vitro pathogenicity studies highlighted the potential role of these bacteria in disease development, especially under environmental stress.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the diversity of bacterial species associated with bacterial disease outbreaks in Indian major carp from aquaculture systems in Tripura. It serves as the first comprehensive investigation of its kind, contributing to our understanding of bacterial infections in Indian major carp.

This study was carried out at Goat Research Station, Bandipur, Tanahun, Nepal to evaluate the different factors affecting the growth performance of pure Boer goat since its arrival on 2015. A total of 225 kids of Boer goat born from 218 kidding does recorded between 2015 and 2019 were used for analysis of birth weight, weaning weight, eight month weight and yearling weight in response to sex and type of birth. The overall least square means for birth weight is 3.246 ± 0.056 kg, weaning weight is 17.86 ± 0.105 kg, eight month weight is 28.66 ± 0.2.6 kg and yearling weight is 45.10 ± 0.218 kg. The least square means across sex for birth weight, weaning weight, eight month weight and yearling weight were 3.368 ± 0.090 kg, 18.42 ± 0.226 kg, 31.69 ± 0.415 kg and 49.29 ± 0.707 kg for male and 3.136 ± 0.068 kg, 17.43 ±0.150 kg, 26.35 ± 0.378 kg and 42.18 ± 0.778 kg for female respectively. Sex and type of birth have significant effect on birth weight and weaning weight, while for eight month weight and yearling weight, sex have significant effect but no significant effect on type of birth. In conclusion, the overall growth performance of Boer goat in Goat Research Station was to the expectation and may increase on improvement of management and environmental effects. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (2): 166-169

A study was conducted in Goat Research Station, Bandipur to investigate the milk quality parameters of different genetic groups of goat. Out of 47 milk samples, 11 samples were collected from pure Boar goat, 11 samples from pure Saanen goat, 23 samples from crossbreed of Khari with Boar and 2 samples from crossbreed of Khari with Saanen. 10 ml of milk sample was collected manually from each she-goat in a sterile plastic bottle early in the morning and analyzed by using ultrasonic milk analyzer (MILKOTESTER) for physiochemical parameters, including fat, protein, SNF, lactose, density, salt and freezing point. All the parameters were statistically analyzed by using general linear model and SPSS 16. P-value less than 0.05 (i.e. p<0.05) was considered as statistically significant. Among the evaluated milk parameters, fat, protein, salt and freezing point were found significantly different in comparisons with different breeds of goat. Protein, SNF, lactose, salt and freezing point were higher in pure Boar milk. While fat was found higher in the milk of Boar and Khari cross. Similarly, the density was found to be higher in the pure breed goat milk. These findings are important to consider in order to maintain the quality of different milk products.

Supplementation of concentrate feed during late pregnancy of doe is an approach to improve milk yield and kid performance after kidding. The experiment was conducted to find out appropriate level and duration of supplementation to the pregnant doe. The data of the experiment were analyzed applying Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial arrangements with three replications. First factor used in the experiment was the duration of concentrate feeding (15 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days) and second was amount of concentrate supplemented (2.00%, 1.75%, 1.50% and 1.25% of their body weight). Birth weight, weaning weight, milk yield and kid mortality in different groups were recorded. Birth weight and weaning weight were found higher in 60 days supplemented group i.e. 2.3±0.23 kg and 10.94±0.41 kg, respectively. Both birth weight and weaning weight were also found higher with 2 percent concentrate feeding group than others i.e. 2.1±0.23 kg and 9.64±0.42 kg, respectively. Milk yield recorded for fourth week shows that higher milk yields were found in 2 percent concentrate supplemented group with 60 days time period. The result showed that by increasing the level of concentrate during late gestation period of does increased the birth weight, weaning weight of kids and increased milk yield of does. So the higher level of concentrate supplementation is required during 45 to 60 days of late gestation in does.