Introduction: Carcino embryonic antigen(CEA) is overexpressed primarily by adenocarcinomas including colon, rectum, breast and lung. It should be noted that more than 90% of primary colorectal carcinomas produce CEA.CEA is a classic tumour marker for CRC, which is used to monitor the recurrence of the disease and as a prognostic factor for the patients. In the present scenario, the serum CEAtest is recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the European Group on Tumor Markers 7 as a prognostic biomarker for recurrent CRC following curative resection. Aims: To study the distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal carcinoma, the role of carcinoembryonic antigen in the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma, to the variability of carcinoembryonic antigen values in recurrence of colorectal carcinoma and the sensitivity and specicity of carcinoembryonic antigen estimation in colorectal cancer Material And Method: This Institution based observational and prospective study was all the adult patients(>18yrs) who have been diagnosed clinically with colorectal carcinoma and with recurrent disease in the Department of General surgery of R.G.Kar medical college and hospital from January 2019 to August 2020 were included in this study. Result: 10% of the patients were in Duke stage A, 16% patients were Duke stage B; 40% patients were with Duke stage C and 34%patients were Duke stage D of colorectal carcinoma. Among those 13 patients with Duke A and B staging 30% had increased CEA, whereas among those 37 patients with Duke stage C and D 92% had increased CEA levels. The p-value was found to be 0.00033 that is<0.05,which meant the test was statistically signicant. 80%(n=38) of the patients with colon carcinoma had increased CEAvalues whereas 20%(n=2) of the patients had normal CEAvalues. 77%(n=7) patients in the rectal carcinoma group had increased CEAlevels whereas in 23%(n=3) patients it was normal. Conclusion:This study shows an increased amount of CEAlevels in the preoperative period then the patient's chances of recurrence and metastasis increases, hence having a poor prognosis. Regular surveillance through serial monitoring of the CEAlevels in the postoperative period is essential to be vigilant of recurrences and metastasis, which may increase chances of mortality in the patient.
Introduction: Inltrating ductal carcinoma being the most common type of carcinoma (70%), lobular carcinoma is the 2nd most common followed by smaller groups such as medullary, mucinous,comedo, paget's disease, papillary, tubular and inammatory carcinoma. Aims and objectives:To establish incidence and correlation between ER, PR, HER 2 neu receptor status, histology with different patient proles. Assessment of therapeutic effectivity and its relation with receptor status and histology after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Material and methods: This will be an institution-based observational and prospective study. Lab studies- hemoglobin, total count, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, urea, creatinine, albumin and total protein Pretested and predesigned perform Conclusion: This study shows that age group is an important factor for developing breast carcinoma, which was more prevalent in premenstrual population.
Background: For different cancers, different tumor markers are overexpressed. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are raised commonly in adenocarcinoma of colon, breast, and lung. About 80% of primary colorectal cancers (CRCs) show high serum CEA levels. Hence, CEA levels can be used as a prognostic factor - for both metastasis and recurrence - with persistent high levels. Currently, the American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends CEA as tumor marker and prognostic indicator in CRC patients. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the high level of CEA in CRCs and to study the level of CEA in cases of metastases and recurrence and to determine the sensitivity of CEA value in prognosis of CRCs. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective observational study. All the patients more than 20 years of age and of both sexes were included in this study who were diagnosed with primary localized CRC, metastatic CRC, or recurrent disease. The study was performed in the Department of General Surgery, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital between January 2020 and August 2021. Results: Total cases were classified according to Duke staging - 10% in Group A, 19% in Group B, 38% in Group C, and 33% in Group D. In Group A and B, about 35% of patients had increased CEA levels, whereas in Group C and D, more than 90% of patients had increased CEA levels with significant P < 0.05. Overall 80% of the patients had elevated CEA levels, so remaining 20% had normal values. In cases of recurrent colorectal carcinoma, >90% of patients had raised CEA levels, and in metastatic disease cases, CEA level was significantly raised in 82% of patients. Conclusion: In case of colorectal CA, preoperative raised serum CEA level is associated with poor prognosis, as chance of recurrence increased. Along with that increased CEA level is also associated with increased chance of metastatic disease. Hence, serial monitoring of serum CEA level in postoperative period may help to detect any recurrence early, thus reducing chance of mortality and morbidity.
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