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JA fraction of SBL had the highest ratio of COX-2IC :COX-1IC whereas JE had the lowest ratio COX-2IC :COX-1IC . Interestingly, JE5 derived from JE showed a ratio of COX-2IC :COX-1IC while P8 derived from JE5 showed a dose-dependent reduction in COX-2IC :COX-1IC5 ratio and in PG-E production, which was more effective compared to ibuprofen. A dose-dependent reduction in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell proliferation was also observed in P8-treated cells. The phenolic compounds identified in P8 include apigenin and apigeninidin adducts which may explain the exceptional anti-inflammatory activity and efficacy in COX-2 targeting.

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The West-African variety of Sorghum bicolor leaf sheath (SBLS) Jobelyn® is a natural remedy, which has gained international recognition for its anti-anaemic effect and energy boosting qualities in debilitating diseases. The widespread use of traditional medicine in the region usually confirms its safety, but not its efficacy or deep assessment of their pharmacological properties. The other major issue for herbal-based treatments is the lack of definite and complete information about the composition of the extracts. Despite limitations, efforts have been made in isolation and characterisation of active compounds in this specie of Sorghum showing various subclasses of flavonoids including apigeninidin, a stable 3-deoxyanthocyanidin and potential fungal growth inhibitor, which accounts for 84% of the total extract. Nonclinical in vitro and in vivo studies support previous indications that this variety of Sorghum bicolor possesses several biologically active compounds with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and neuro-protective properties. Clinical studies show that SBLS has the ability to boost haemoglobin concentrations in anaemic conditions and most remarkably to increase CD4 count in HIV-positive patients. The multiple effects and high safety profiles of this extract may encourage its development as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of anemia, chronic inflammatory conditions or in the symptomatic management of HIV infections. This review describes the potential therapeutic aspects of SBLS extract and its potential benefits.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in women and adjuvant combination chemotherapy has been shown to reduce mortality from this disease. Adherence to medical treatment is a multifaceted issue that can substantially alter the outcomes of therapy. Patient non-adherence to chemotherapy is the ultimate barrier to the treatment effectiveness. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the relationship between cancer chemotherapy adherence and breast cancer staging, patient's perception of cancer care and patient's socio-demographic characteristics. Material and method: This was a cross sectional study selection of respondents and was based on simple random sampling technique, 184 patients were interviewed and data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic data, adherence data, and facility-related information. Results: There was a significant association between marital status and non-adherence (P = 0.013). Both separated and single subjects had higher proportion of non-adherence compared with married subjects. Analysis of perception of chemotherapy care revealed a significant association between the satisfaction score and non-adherence, with non-adherent patients showing higher scores or being less satisfied. The quality of service (P = 0.0052); rating of needs been met (P = 0.0079); rating on whether the services helped the subject (P = 0.0405); rating on the general satisfaction of the services provided (P = 0.0115); and rating on whether subject would seek help again (P = 0.0320) all had a significant association with non-adherence. Conclusion: The awareness of oncologist and patient of the problem of nonadherence and communication regarding the importance of adherence to therapy may improve health outcomes. * Corresponding author. P. Abiodun et al.384