Farmer’s social perception is an important factor in the future development of agriculture. Especially the perception of young farmers needs serious attention considering that they are the pioneers of agriculture in the future. This study aims to examine the perceptions of young farmers towards their future and parents’ perceptions of the future of young farmers. The census study involved 151 coffee-farming families with productive-age children who were then interviewed separately. Data analysis using different test, factor analysis, then integrated in socio-spatial. The perception of the group of parents is greatly influenced by how they have strong access to farming, they assume that the activities of this sector require hard work, time consuming, energy and are synonymous with gross and dirty work. This is a precursor to form a social perception that more income is not the main benchmark in determining the social class of the community but rather the type of livelihood. The decision taken by farmer parents for their children is based more on social perceptions that farming work is still considered low in the social strata even though the income generated is in a decent category. In contrast to the perception of parents, young farmers are more optimistic about the future in developing business in agriculture seeing the potential and agricultural resources they have. The perception of young farmers is formed not entirely because of high education, but the ability to access information is a factor forming the perception of groups of young farmers, low education does not correlate with their ability to access information. Based on these results, we conclude that differences in perceptions are present as a result of differences in age backgrounds, perspectives, and characteristics. Poverty that has long ensnared the farming community has changed the social perception of the perspective of the current farming community, so that the perception emerged for farmers that leaving the agricultural sector is the best way to leave poverty. Therefore, it is necessary to launch an agricultural education system into the village, how the education system directly reaches the farming community in the village in order to create a modern agricultural social environment that is business-oriented in the community and family so that it can equate perceptions of the future agricultural business.

The decline quality of land of cocoa plantations mainly due to erosion by run off. The application of the Zero Run-off system can reduce rill erosion by eliminating surface runoff. The study was conducted to get the dimensions and layout of the system of Zero Run-Off is effective in improving infiltration so there is no runoff. Dimensions of the system is designed using the water balance approach, where all runoff accommodated in the zero Run- off system then infiltrated. Surface runoff calculated by the method of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS). Potential rate of water inflow into the soil is a function of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil and the surface area of the system. Soil hydraulic conductivity is determined by the falling head method. Dimensions of the system known through a simulation model based on the physical condition data of field using a dynamic model. The simulation results show that the dimensions of the system are required to enter the entire runoff into the ground in the form of infiltration is a function of rainfall, catchment area and the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. Using this data, the dimensions and position of the systems zero run-off can be determined accurately. For the conditions of research sites, the whole wet surface area of the system at 5 x 106 mm2 per m2. With a broad measure of the volume of water present in the systems of 0 to 0.0000055 m3, so that the system depths of 1,000 mm, then there is no runoff occurs.

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Land degradation, which is caused by erosion, is one of the causes of the decline in the quality of cocoa plants. Vegetative soil conservation technology is one of the solutions to soil conservation on land that already has plants. The obstacle to conservation plant cultivation is its existence under the stand of plants so that solar radiation is limited for photosynthesis. This study aims to determine the level of canopy cover that can pass solar radiation for photosynthesis in conservation plants under the stand of cocoa plants. Retrieval of canopy cover data obtained through direct measurement using photo images and processed using MATLAB Image Processing Toolbox with closure approach. Solar radiation measured using the NHGH09BU Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) sensor. The sensor is connected to the Arduino UNO microcontroller module. The results showed that the smaller the canopy cover, the duration of radiation that can support photosynthesis is longer. Likewise, the total active radiation for photosynthesis is inversely proportional to the percentage of canopy closure, which is the effect of the duration of active radiation. Radiation above 300 Watt/m2 occurs between 10.30 AM - 01.00 PM with the highest value 483 Watt/m2 which occurs at 11.00 AM. Total solar energy is inversely proportional to the percentage of canopy closure and is a linear relationship with R2> 0.9.

Increasing land productivity, especially in the agricultural sector, are absolutely necessary at this time. One effort that can be done is by evaluating the characteristics of the land in order to obtain suitable information for the development of agricultural commodities in an area. The purpose of this study was to provide information on land characteristics and to analyze the level of land suitability for the development of food crop commodities (rice, corn, soybeans and cassava). The land characteristic parameters observed included climate, land morphology, soil physical and chemical properties. The results show that it is possible to develop food crops in Tanete Riaja District, even though only in the S2 and S3 categories. The slope factor is the main obstacle in the development of this commodity, so that crop management such as terracing and intercropping systems is an alternative cropping model that can be implemented. Low soil fertility and acidic soil pH are manageable factors that can be improved to increase soil quality.