RÉSUMÉ Nous avons étudié la prévalence, les connaissances, les pratiques et les facteurs déterminants de l'allaitement maternel auprès de 354 mères amenant leur nourrisson pour la vaccination du sixième mois aux centres de santé de base de la région de Monastir en 2008. L'âge moyen des femmes interrogées était de 30 ans (ET 5,5). La majorité (90,8 %) savait que l'allaitement au sein permet de prévenir les infections chez le bébé mais 38,5 % seulement savaient que le lait maternel peut couvrir à lui seul les besoins de l'enfant jusqu'à l'âge de 6 mois. Alors que 94,4 % des femmes ont allaité au sein à la naissance, uniquement 1,9 % d'entre elles ont poursuivi l'allaitement exclusif jusqu'à l'âge de 6 mois. Les causes d'abandon de l'allaitement maternel étaient principalement l'insuffisance du lait, suivie par la reprise du travail. Une durée d'allaitement maternel exclusif prolongée au-delà de 3 mois était associée au contact peau à peau (OR = 1,93 ; IC 95 % : 1,016-3,69) et aux connaissances des mères des bénéfices du lait maternel (OR = 2,8 ; IC 95 % : 1,2-6,6). Cependant, l'utilisation de la tétine et la prescription de compléments de lait artificiel étaient associées à un sevrage précoce (OR = 0,17 ; IC 95 % : 0,08-0,36 et OR = ,14 ; IC 95 % : 0,05-0,38, respectivement). ABSTRACT We assessed the prevalence of breastfeeding and its determinants and mothers' knowledge and practices towards this issue among 354 women attending primary health centres for their child's 6-month vaccination in the region of Monastir in 2008. The mean age of the women was 30 (SD 5.5) years. Most (90.8%) knew that breastfeeding helped prevent infections in babies but only 38.5% knew that breast milk supplies all infant feeding needs until 6 months of age. While was 94.4% breastfed their babies to start, only 1.9% continued exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months. Main reasons for stopping breastfeeding were perceived breast milk insufficiency followed by return to work. Exclusive breastfeeding over 3 months was associated with skin-to-skin contact (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.016-3.69) and mothers' knowledge about breast milk benefits (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.2-6.6). Early weaning was related to using pacifiers and breast-milk substitutes (OR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08-0.36 and OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05-0.38 respectively).
Background: Active rehabilitation has an important role in the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Although some studies have shown the benefit of hip-muscle strengthening, the effect of combining hip-muscle stretching with strengthening has not yet been defined. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of combined strengthening of the hip external rotators and abductors and stretching of the hip internal rotators on pain and function in patients with PFPS. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 109 patients with PFPS (75 female and 34 male; mean age, 31.6 ± 10.8 years) were first randomly assigned to protocol A (n = 67) of the A-B arm (AB group; standard rehabilitation) or protocol B (n = 42) of the B-A arm (BA group; standard rehabilitation with strengthening of the hip external rotators and abductors and stretching of the hip internal rotators). Each protocol consisted of 3 sessions a week for 4 weeks. After a washout period, corresponding to a symptom-free period, rehabilitation programs were crossed over. A visual analog scale (VAS) evaluating perceived pain, the Functional Index Questionnaire (FIQ), and the Kujala score were administered at baseline, the end of each rehabilitation protocol, and 12 weeks after the completion of the second protocol for each group. Results: Until the final follow-up, VAS, FIQ, and Kujala scores were significantly improved in both the A-B and B-A arms ( P < .05 for all). Compared with protocol A, protocol B provided significant improvement in terms of pain and function in both the BA (VAS and Kujala; P < .001) and AB (VAS and Kujala; P < .001) groups. Conclusion: Combined strengthening of the hip abductors and external rotators with stretching of the hip internal rotators provided better outcomes, which were maintained for at least 12 weeks, in terms of pain and function in patients with PFPS.
Résumé -Contexte : En Tunisie, la rédaction d'une thèse est un effort de recherche qui reste peu visible pour la communauté scientifique. Objectifs : Dresser le profil bibliométrique et le devenir des thèses soutenues à la faculté de médecine de Monastir. Matériel et méthodes : Étude bibliométrique transversale menée sur l'ensemble des 616 thèses soutenues à la faculté de médecine de Monastir de 2001 à 2005. Résultats : Les disciplines médicale et chirurgicale ont été les plus pourvoyeuses de sujets de thèses (respectivement avec 45 % et 40 %) ; 55,5 % de thèses ont été dirigées par des assistants hospitalo-universitaires. La productivité globale moyenne était de 0,6 thèse/enseignant/année. Les études cliniques représentaient la majorité des thèmes (66,6 %). Le résumé était absent dans 43 % des thèses. Parmi les mots-clés cités, au moins un n'était pas un mot MeSH dans 39,3 %. Quatre-vingt-huit articles issus de thèses (14,3 %) ont été publiés dans des revues indexées avec une différence statistiquement significative en fonction des disciplines (p < 10 −3 ) et le type d'étude (p = 0,004). La médecine préventive et communautaire avait le meilleur indice de devenir des thèses, calculé en tenant compte du nombre d'enseignants par spécialité, du nombre de thèses produites et d'articles issus de ces thèses. Conclusion : Le faible taux de publications nous incite à réfléchir sur la valeur pédagogique de cet effort. Keywords:Bibliometrics; future of dissertations; Monastir; Tunisia Abstract -Background: In Tunisia, writing a dissertation is a research effort that goes largely unnoticed in the scientific community. Objectives: To develop the bibliometric profile and determine the future of dissertations defended in the faculty of medicine in Monastir. Methods: The bibliometric transversal study was conducted on 616 dissertations defended in the faculty of medicine in Monastir between 2001 and 2005. Results: The majority of dissertation topics come from the medical and surgical fields at a respective rate of 45% and 40%. University hospital assistants led 55.5% of dissertations. The productivity average was 0.6 dissertation/teacher/year. Clinical studies accounted for the majority of topics (66.6%). No abstract was provided in 43% of cases. In 39.3% of cases, at least one of the listed keywords was not among the MeSH terms. Some 88 articles resulting from dissertations (14.3%) were published in indexed journals, with a statistically significant difference between disciplines (p < 10 −3 ) and the type of study (p = 0.004). The department of community and preventiveArticle publié par EDP Sciences medicine showed the best prospects for the future of dissertations, an estimation that took into account the number of teachers per department, the number of dissertations and articles resulting from these dissertations. Conclusion: The low publication rate prompts us to reconsider the pedagogical value of these efforts.
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