PurposeTo compare the dose distribution of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) to left chest wall.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and seven patients were randomised for PMRT in 3DCRT group (n = 64) and IMRT group (n = 43). All patients received 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Planning target volume (PTV) parameters—Dnear-max (D2), Dnear-min (D98), Dmean, V95, and V107—homogeneity index (HI), and conformity index (CI) were compared. The mean doses of lung and heart, percentage volume of ipsilateral lung receiving 5 Gy (V5), 20 Gy (V20), and 55 Gy (V55) and that of heart receiving 5 Gy (V5), 25 Gy (V25), and 45 Gy (V45) were extracted from dose-volume histograms and compared.ResultsPTV parameters were comparable between the two groups. CI was significantly improved with IMRT (1.127 vs. 1.254, p < 0.001) but HI was similar (0.094 vs. 0.096, p = 0.83) compared to 3DCRT. IMRT in comparison to 3DCRT significantly reduced the high-dose volumes of lung (V20, 22.09% vs. 30.16%; V55, 5.16% vs. 10.27%; p < 0.001) and heart (V25, 4.59% vs. 9.19%; V45, 1.85% vs. 7.09%; p < 0.001); mean dose of lung and heart (11.39 vs. 14.22 Gy and 4.57 vs. 8.96 Gy, respectively; p < 0.001) but not the low-dose volume (V5 lung, 61.48% vs. 51.05%; V5 heart, 31.02% vs. 23.27%; p < 0.001).conclusionsFor left sided breast cancer, IMRT significantly improves the conformity of plan and reduce the mean dose and high-dose volumes of ipsilateral lung and heart compared to 3DCRT, but 3DCRT is superior in terms of low-dose volume.

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Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) if diagnosed clinically early and confirmed by ChestX-ray and ECHO, can be appropriately managed. Objectives: To observe the clinical profile of CHDin clinically diagnosed CHD in children To correlate the clinical profile with radiological andechocardiographic findings in the study group. Methods: It’s a cross-sectional study. The durationwas 18 months. All children in the age group of 1 month to 18years of age with history & clinicalfindings suggestive of CHDs were taken, assessed, subjected to Chest X-ray & 2 DECHO & werecorrelate. Results: Total no. of cases admitted during the study period was 5423, 624 had CHDamong which 50 fulfilling the criteria were taken. Clinically CCHD was in 34%, ACHD in 66%. Clinicalcorrelation with X-ray was 83% and with ECHO was 87 %. Conclusion: ACHD is more common,Chest x-ray findings correlated closely. ECHO correlation with the clinical diagnosis was veryaccurate especially in isolated lesions and some cases were identified which had been missedclinically. Hence Clinical Diagnosis with X-ray and ECHO helps in increased identification & earlierintervention of CHDs.

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Introduction: Malnutrition is by far the biggest contributor to child mortality, present in half of all the cases globally. Malnutrition is more common in India than in Sub-Saharan Africa. One in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India. The nutritional status of an individual is often the result of many interrelated factors. Objectives: To identify the nutritional status under 1-5 years of age. To assess the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children under 1-5 years of age. Method: The present study is a cross-sectional study conducted in Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre and Hospital in Bangalore. During the study period about 130 children were enrolled who fulfils the inclusion criteria and those who admitted in Paediatric ward. This study was taken up with the purpose of assessment of nutritional status and the relationship of nutritional status with iron deficiency anemia in children under 5 years of age. Results: According to IAP grading of malnutrition, 12.4% and 28.5% children were belonged to grade IV and III, 36.9% and 22.3% of children belonged to grade I and II malnutrition. According to this study, malnutrition was more prevalent in female children. The prevalence of severe and moderate, wasting was 40% and 26.9%, stunting 8.5% and 15.4%, MUAC 11.5% and 25.4%. Prevalence of severe and moderate thinness of children according to body mass index was 46.9% and 36.9% respectively. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in malnourished children was 48.5% and it was also found that 11.5% of children were severely anemic and 30.8% of children were moderately anemic. Conclusion: Malnutrition is a significant problem under 5 years of age which can be reduced with proper education, growth monitoring and good nutrition.