A novel two-stage directional multi-pass median filter (DMPMF) for reducing impulse noise has been proposed in this paper. It is a progressive technique wherein for each pass, median is substituted for each noisy pixel even if one noise free pixel exists in its surrounding 3x3 window otherwise the pixel is kept intact. The initial pass replaces only a fraction of the total number of noise-corrupted pixels in the corrupted image. With increasing number of passes, the number of pixels covered increases, and after a few passes, all or most of the noisy pixels are covered. Each pass gradually improves the quality of the restored image. Thereafter, directional filtering is applied to restore the fine details of the final image. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is determined by applying it to different images. It produces better results in terms of the qualitative and quantitative measures of the image for both low and high density noise in comparison to many existing techniques.

The aim of the present work was to develop and evaluate stomach-specific controlled release, gastroretentable mucoadhesive patch of lercanidipine HCl. This drug is essentially soluble in gastric pH range of 1- 4 and have a partition coefficient (log p-value) of 6.1; according to this concept, it has been decided to formulate the gastroretentive bioadhesive patch. The patch system consisted of a drug release rate controlling film, using the combination of Eudragit RSPO and RLPO; mucoadhesive film by using the combination of various hydrophilic polymers. Bilayered patch were made by using the selected batch of two films using the layering method and evaluated for the various parameters like in vitro swelling study, ex vivo mucoadhesive strength. Film was folded into a hard gelatin capsule, evaluated for in vitro drug release in pH 1.2 containing 0.2% (w/v) sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), and in vivo bioavailability in rabbits. Patches could control the drug release up to 12 h, having mucoadhesion strength in the range of 4.05±0.4 N to 4.52±0.12 N. In vivo bioavailability results indicate that the gastroretentive patch system provides a novel way to retain the drug matrix for the longer period of time in a stomach, enhance drug absorption and thereby offer a promising strategy for gastroretentive mucoadhesive drug delivery for the lercanidipine HCl.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract