RESUMENEl objetivo de la presente revisión es brindar información suficiente sobre la importancia de la ingesta del magnesio en la dieta humana, a fin de que se conozca mejor los beneficios de este mineral en la salud humana. El magnesio (Mg) es muy importante en el funcionamiento metabólico de nuestro cuerpo, ya que es el segundo catión intracelular más abundante y una de sus funciones principales es ser un cofactor crítico en cualquier reacción que involucre al ATP. La hipomagnesemia se debe a una insuficiencia de magnesio en la dieta y al consumo crónico de alcohol. El déficit de magnesio aumenta el riesgo de sufrir algunas enfermedades, como la diabetes tipo 2, la hipertensión y la aterosclerosis. Por otra parte, la hipermagnesemia se debe a un aporte masivo de magnesio al líquido extracelular (sobrepasando la gran capacidad fisiológica de excretar este catión) o a una alteración marcada de la función renal produciendo anomalías como nauseas, diarreas, calambres abdominales, enfermedades de Addison, nefritis crónica y la muerte. Así mismo el consumo adecuado de magnesio previene muchas enfermedades en el sistema nervioso central, migrañas, enfermedades cardiovasculares, envejecimiento y diabetes tipo 2.Palabras clave: Magnesio, hipomagnesemia, hipermagnesemia, diabetes, aterosclerosis. ABSTRACTThe object of this review is to provide enough information about the importance of magnesium intake in the human diet, so more is known about the benefits of this mineral in human health. Magnesium (Mg) is very important in metabolic functioning of the body, as it is the second most abundant intracellular cation and one of its main functions is to be a critical cofactor in any reaction involving ATP. Hypomagnesemia is due to a lack of magnesium in the diet and chronic alcohol consumption. Magnesium deficiency increases the risk of some diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Moreover, Hypermagnesemia is due to a massive input of magnesium into the extracellular fluid (exceeding the great physiological ability to excrete this cation) or a marked impairment of renal function abnormalities occurring as nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, Addison's disease, chromic nephritis and death. Also adequate intake of magnesium prevents many diseases as the central nervous system, migraines, cardiovascular disease, aging and type 2 diabete.
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