Maternal CD4 count is significantly and specifically associated with the risk of serious infections with encapsulated bacteria in HEU infants.

NCT00424814.

OBJECTIVES: A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to explore the pharmacokinetics modification of unbound raltegravir during pregnancy. METHOD: RalFe ANRS160 study was a non-randomized, open label, multicenter trial enrolling HIV-infected pregnant women receiving a combined antiretroviral regimen containing raltegravir 400 mg twice daily. Biological samples were collected during the third trimester of pregnancy (between 30 and 37 weeks of gestational age) and at postpartum (4 to 6 weeks after delivery). A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with Monolix software. RESULT: A total of 360 plasma samples were collected from 43 women during pregnancy and postpartum. The unbound raltegravir was described by a one compartment model with a transit compartment with first order absorption, evolving either to bound raltegravir (by a linear binding to albumin), or metabolism to RAL-glucuronide or to a first order elimination, with a circadian rhythm. During pregnancy, the absorption was decreased and delayed and the raltegravir elimination clearance and glucuronidation increased by 37%. Median total and unbound AUC0-12h significantly decreased by 37 and 27% during pregnancy. Median total Ctrough decreased significantly in the evening (28%), however median total Ctrough in the morning, unbound Ctrough in the morning and unbound Ctrough in the evening showed a non-significant decrease, respectively 16%, 1% and 15% during pregnancy compared to the postpartum period. CONCLUSION: This is the first study reporting the pharmacokinetics of unbound raltegravir during pregnancy. As unbound Ctrough did not significantly decrease during the third trimester, the pregnancy effect on raltegravir unbound concentrations was not considered as clinically relevant.

LPV/r monotherapy achieved satisfactory virologic efficacy in women treated solely for PMTCT, providing proof of concept for future nucleoside-sparing strategies.