Coastal area land reclamation is a policy with various benefits, including its potential to increase economic growth. However, reclamation also potentially has adverse impacts on the environment, including increasing pressure on biodiversity, natural resources and natural ecosystems, and the most common problem is land subsidence. This study uses time-lapse microgravity anomaly to ascertain the distribution of gravity and vertical gradient anomaly in order to map the subsidence characteristics occurring in the Manado reclamation area. From the research that has been previously conducted, the positive gravity anomaly is spread around Megamall-Multimart to the north of Monaco Bay and on the southern side of Manado Town Square (Mantos). Positive anomaly values range from 3 to 29.7 μGal. The negative anomaly values are scattered around the Mantos and Megamas separating bridge and at some points around the Whiz Prime Hotel, Menora Church and towards the Pohon Kasih Megamas area. The reclaimed areas generally experience subsidence accompanied by a reduction in groundwater mass (Megamall and Mantos) due to the use of the groundwater by the community in these areas. Uplifts also occur at some points in the reclamation area of Megamas as a result of the occurrence of land subsidence. Longer-term research is needed to determine whether there is an increase in the rate of land subsidence in the Manado reclamation area. Over a longer period of time it can also be established whether there are other factors which affect land subsidence. Other geodetic methods to monitor subsidence, such as levelling, InSAR and GPS survey, which have been conducted in other locations, are also needed to obtain more detailed information about the land subsidence in this area.
<p>Kota Bitung sebagai salah satu kawasan strategis dan pusat perekonomian di Sulawesi Utara, berpotensi terdampak oleh bencana tsunami karena berada di pesisir Laut Maluku yang bisa menjadi lokasi pusat gempabumi besar pemicu tsunami. Untuk mengetahui potensi area terdampak dan waktu tiba tsunami di wilayah Bitung, dilakukan pemodelan penjalaran tsunami dengan skenario gempabumi Mw 7,9 dengan episenter di Laut Maluku menggunakan perangkat lunak TUNAMI-N2 (<em>Tohoku University’s Numerical Analysis Model Investigation of Tsunami No 2</em>). Data yang digunakan berupa parameter skenario gempabumi pembangkit dan data elevasi. Data elevasi terdiri dari data topografi primer hasil pengukuran lapangan menggunakan altimeter digital dan data sekunder berupa data batimetri dari GEBCO (<em>General Bathymetric Chart of The Ocean</em>) dan data topografi daratan SRTM (<em>Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission</em>) dari USGS (<em>United States Geological Survey</em>). Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa tsunami pertama kali mencapai di wilayah Bitung tepatnya di pantai timur Pulau Lembeh pada detik ke-520 setelah gempabumi. Ketinggian maksimum tsunami bisa mencapai 7,625 meter, sedangkan inundasi terjauh dan potensi area tergenang masing-masing mencapai 750 meter dan 2,1 km<sup>2</sup>. Lokasi dengan tingkat bahaya tertinggi ada di sebelah barat Pelabuhan Bitung karena topografi yang landai dan berhadapan dengan perairan yang berbentuk teluk sehingga terjadi amplifikasi gelombang. Pantai yang berbentuk teluk ini juga menyebabkan gelombang tertinggi terjadi pada gelombang yang kedua.</p>
Seismic gap adalah kawasan yang aktif secara tektonik namun sangat jarang mengalami gempabumi dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Terdapat dua daerah dugaan seismic gap yang terdapat di daerah Sulawesi Utara antara lain daerah Laut Maluku dan Laut Sulawesi. Pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis sejauh mana potensi bahaya dua daerah dugaan seismic gap tersebut didasarkan pada profil perubahan parameter seismotektonik nilai b, analisis mekanisme fokus, perubahan nilai rasio vp/vs, periode ulang gempabumi dan prediksi parameter patahan di dua daerah penelitian. Diperoleh bahwa hanya daerah dugaan seismic gap di Laut Maluku yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai daerah seismic gap yang berpotensi menimbulkan gempabumi dengan energi besar dan tsunami sebagai efek terusan gempabumi.Seismic gap is a tectonically active region, but very rarely experienced earthquakes in the long term. There are two alleged seismic gap area of the North Sulawesi region, that are Maluku Sea and the Sulawesi Sea areas. This research analyzed potential danger of the two alleged seismic gap area in North Sulawesi based on b value seismotectonic profile parameter changes, the analysis of the focal mechanism, changes in the value of the ratio vp/vs, earthquake recurrence period, and fault parameters prediction at the two areas. It was found that the alleged area of Maluku Sea could be categorized as a seismic gap area with a potentially earthquake and tsunami energy which was the after effects of the earthquake.
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