Pelatihan fasilitator merupakan salah satu metode untuk mengoptimalkan peran fasilitator dalam diskusi kelompok sehingga terjadi peningkatan keefektifan diskusi. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektifitas diskusi kelompok dan motivasi intrinsik mahasiswa akibat pengaruh dari optimalisasi peran fasilitator pada blok Musculoskeleal System and Disorders. Pelatihan fasilitator dilakukan pada pertengahan blok dengan 5 peserta (fasilitator) yang merupakan fasilitator pada blok. Setiap kali diskusi pada blok (10 kali) baik sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan, mahasiswa (55 orang) diberikan kuisioner yang menggambarkan perilaku fasilitator, keefektifan diskusi kelompok dan motivasi intrinsik dari mahasiswa. Data kuisioner dianalisis dengan Cohens'd dan korelasi Pearson. Keefektifan diskusi kelompok secara umum yang dilihat dari rerata sebesar 3,88 setelah pelatihan, sedangkan 3,69 sebelum pelatihan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan ke arah positif daripada negatif tetapi perbedaan ini tidak bermakna secara praktis (Cohen's d 0,93). Rerata perilaku fasilitator selama diskusi sebesar 3,89 setelah pelatihan, sedangkan 3,81 sebelum pelatihan juga menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna secara praktis (Cohen's d 0,29). Hal ini juga terlihat pada motivasi intrinsik mahasiswa sebesar 5,08 setelah pelatihan, sedangkan 4,93 sebelum pelatihan (Cohen's d 0,39). Uji korelasi menunjukan hubungan peran fasilitator terhadap efektivitas diskusi kelompok (0,325) setara bila dibandingkan dengan motivasi intrinsik mahasiswa (0,373). Pelatihan fasilitator pada blok Musculoskeletal System and Disorders menunjukkan arah yang positif tetapi tidak memiliki kemaknaan secara praktis sehingga masih banyak yang perlu ditingkatkan. Hubungan peran fasilitator terhadap efektifitas diskusi kelompok setara bila dibandingkan dengan motivasi intrinsik mahasiswa.

Objective: Our study aimed to learn the phenomenon of facial skin injuries related to PPE use, their characteristics, as well as risk and protective factors. Methods: We conducted a single-center crosssectional study. Samples was collected consecutively by disseminating self-filled questionnaire to all departments in Sanjiwani General Hospital, Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia. Variables studied included demographic, characteristics of PPE usage, characteristics of facial skin injuries suffered, and preventive measures practiced by healthcare workers. We conducted multivariate analysis for independent determinants of more severe skin injuries and any injuries located on the nasal bridge, cheekbones, and behind the ears. Results: Final analysis included 161 respondents. Male make up 26.7% of respondents, mean age was 35.00 (± 8.91). The majority was nurses (78.3%). Prevalence of skin injury was 90.7%, 39.1% of them being partial or full thickness skin injuries. Only 27.4% respondents practiced preventive measures, including application of polyester tape layering and emollient. The most frequently reported location of skin injury was nasal bridge (77%), followed by behind the ears (57.1%), and on the cheekbones (47.2%). Multivariate analyses discovered that KN95 respirator poses less risk for more severe injuries compared to N95. Protective measures were found effective to prevent skin injuries in all locations, including for more severe injuries. Conclusions: We found high prevalence of facial skin injuries among healthcare workers accompanied by inadequate practice of preventive behaviors. These preventive behaviors have been found effective in other study as well and existing evidence support its promotion for more widespread practice.

Background: Snake bites currently being one of the global burdens, especially in tropic and subtropic regions like Indonesia. Snake bites can cause local tissue damage, cell necrotic, hemorrhage, malfunction of muscle, hypotension, and destruction of red blood cells. Based on the report for snake bites in South-East Asian, most of the victims were farmers. Gianyar district has 39.210 of their people working as a farmer. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristic cases of snake bites in Gianyar District Hospital in 2021. Method: The research is a descriptive cross-sectional. A total of 55 samples were used in this research. Sample information (sex, age) and clinical features (Paralysis, Nausea-Vomiting, Bleeding, Cell Necrotic, and Edema) were collected secondary by medical records, then analyzed and presented in a narrative. Results: The incidence mostly occurs in male patients (65,5%) and in the range of age 31-60 years old (60%). The snake that caused the incidence was mostly from the Viperidae family (63,6%). The Clinical features found in the samples: Paralysis (30,9%), Nausea-Vomiting (5,5%), Bleeding (14,5%), Cell Necrotic (0%), and Edema (60%). The Incidence Rate of this research is 10,5 cases per 100.000 population, Cause-Specific Death Rate is 0 cases per 100.000 population and the Case Fatality Rate is 0%. Conclusion: Snake bite is a major burden in Indonesia but only a few people have the knowledge of the early management of snake bite. Primary Health Care should educate the local community about snake bite early management to prevent further complications.