No abstract

Lithium dendrite growth in solid electrolytes is one of the major obstacles to the commercialization of solid-state batteries based on garnet-type solid electrolytes. Herein, we propose a strategy that can simultaneously resolve both the interface and electronic conductivity issues via a simple one-step procedure that provides multilayer protection at low temperature. We take advantage of the facile chemical conversion reaction, showing the wet-coated SnF 2 particles on the solid electrolyte effectively produces a multifunctional interface composed of LiF and Li−Sn alloy upon contact with lithium. We demonstrate the multifunctional interface enables the remarkably high critical current density up to 2.4 mA cm −2 at 25 °C and the stable galvanostatic cycling for over 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm −2 in the lithium symmetric cell. Moreover, the full cell delivers a robust cycle life of more than 600 cycles at 1.0 mA cm −2 , which is the highest performance at room temperature reported to date.

All-solid-state batteries are a potential game changer in the energy storage market; however, their practical employment has been hampered by premature short circuits caused by the lithium dendritic growth through the solid electrolyte. Here, we demonstrate that a rational layer-by-layer strategy using a lithiophilic and electron-blocking multilayer can substantially enhance the performance/stability of the system by effectively blocking the electron leakage and maintaining low electronic conductivity even at high temperature (60°C) or under high electric field (3 V) while sustaining low interfacial resistance (13.4 ohm cm 2 ). It subsequently results in a homogeneous lithium plating/stripping, thereby aiding in achieving one of the highest critical current densities (~3.1 mA cm −2 ) at 60°C in a symmetric cell. A full cell paired with a commercial-level cathode exhibits exceptionally long durability (>3000 cycles) and coulombic efficiency (99.96%) at a high current density (2 C; ~1.0 mA cm −2 ), which records the highest performance among all-solid-state lithium metal batteries reported to date.

Electronic skins (e-skins)—electronic sensors mechanically compliant to human skin—have long been developed as an ideal electronic platform for noninvasive human health monitoring. For reliable physical health monitoring, the interface between the e-skin and human skin must be conformal and intact consistently. However, conventional e-skins cannot perfectly permeate sweat in normal day-to-day activities, resulting in degradation of the intimate interface over time and impeding stable physical sensing. Here, we present a sweat pore–inspired perforated e-skin that can effectively suppress sweat accumulation and allow inorganic sensors to obtain physical health information without malfunctioning. The auxetic dumbbell through-hole patterns in perforated e-skins lead to synergistic effects on physical properties including mechanical reliability, conformability, areal mass density, and adhesion to the skin. The perforated e-skin allows one to laminate onto the skin with consistent homeostasis, enabling multiple inorganic sensors on the skin to reliably monitor the wearer’s health over a period of weeks.