South Korea's civilian control over the military has been amazingly stable, and no signs of political moves by the military have ever been detected since 1993. Given the frequency of military's intervention in civil politics and a relatively long duration of military rule, such civil-military relations seem quite anomalous. The article argues that the persistent civilian control over the military was an outcome of path-dependency of the military rule that disfavours military intervention in civil politics, while strengthening civilian control over the military. In South Korea, the military did not intervene in civilian politics as an institution. Two military interventions (1961 and 1979) were nothing but greedy acts of politically motivated military officers, and those who seized political power crafted institutional arrangements that could prevent another military intervention. Consequently, the military in South Korea was highly de-politicized, and path dependency has produced a structure rather favourable to civilian control over the military in the postdemocratic transition period. Sanctioning and monitoring deserve special attention in this regard. Finally, socio-economic development and overall democratic maturity have led to the popular rejection of the military as a political actor, fostering the norm of traditional professionalism within the military.

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The hierarchical economic relationship between Korea and Japan has gradually unraveled since mid-1980 as Korea began to build a competitive economic structure. The emergence of new policy ideas and development strategies in Korea was pivotal in bringing about this dramatic turnaround.

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