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Introduction: Modern lifestyle, busy work schedule, lack of exercise, more expectancy generates stress in human life. Stress is a crucial factor in origin of diseases. Stress leads to autonomic imbalance. Yoga has very positive effects on stress. Yoga is now widely used for prevention and treatment of various disorders and to achieve the physical, Physiological, Psychological, spiritual and social well being of the person. So this study is planned to see the effects of yoga on healthy subjects as an important preventive measure to remain away from diseases. The present study was undertaken to show the various effects of selective yogasana and pranayama on cardiac autonomic functions in healthy subjects between age group 31 to 60 years. Material and Methods: The subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria underwent the yogasana and pranayama sessions. Anthropometric data was collected. The cardiovascular status of 45 healthy subjects was assessed by cardiac autonomic function tests before the start of and after 3 months of yogasanaand pranayama practice daily for one hour. The instruments Diabetic Risk Profiler by Genesis Healthcare System Hydrabad, Handgrip dynamometer, digital blood pressure apparatus, cold water tub were used. The tests conducted were resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, deep breathing test(E/I ratio), orthostatic heart rate response (30/15 ratio), valsalva ratio, sustained handgrip test, cold pressor test and blood pressure response to standing. Results: After yogasana and pranayama for three months significant reduction in resting HR, SBP and DBP were found. Mean resting heart rate (HR) was decreased from 77.04/min to 71.38/min, mean SBP from 121mmHg to 117.51 mmHg and mean DBP from 83.42mmHg to 79.91mmHg. There was significant increase in parasympathetic reactivity parameters like orthostatic HRR from 1.12 to 1.50, Deep breathing from 1.20 to 1.52 and valsalva ratio from 1.24 to 1.67. There was significant decrease in sympathetic reactivity variables like sustained HGT Difference of diastolic BP (∆DBP) from 11.40 to 7.73 mmHg, cold pressor test ∆DBP 11.67 to 7.71mmHg and BP response to standing Difference of systolic BP (∆SBP) from 10.71 to7.64 mmHg. There were no statistical significant change observed in anthropometric parameters like body mass index (BMI) from 24.12 to 23.28 and waist hip ratio(WHR) from 0.87 to 0.85. Conclusion: It can be concluded that yogasana and pranayama has beneficial effects on cardiac autonomic activities and reactivity. This lifestyle should be followed regularly as a preventive measure by the persons with cardiac diseases to get relief and also healthy persons to remain away from cardiovascular problems.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a fairly common medical disorder that involves almost every specialty in its spectrum of clinical manifestation, and up to 1/3 rd of patients with diabetes mellitus are estimated to have cutaneous changes. In other words using broadest criteria all subjects with diabetes will diabetes will develop cutaneous manifestations of this disease. Methods: A total of 100 diabetic patients with cutaneous manifestations, who attended skin OPD at Civil Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, India and K.L.E'S Hospital and Medical Research Centre, were randomly selected. The present study was conducted over a period of 22 months from March 1995 to December 1996. Total 100 cases were included in this study. The male to female ratio is 1.6:1 approximately. Detailed history, physical examination, cutaneous and mucous membrane involvement examination was done. Diabetes Mellitus was confirmed by urine sugar and blood sugar estimation. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was done on the basis of criteria laid down by national diabetic data group. Urine and blood sugar estimation was done in all the cases. Results: Fungal infections were common cutaneous manifestation followed by bacterial infections and generalized pruritus. Those patients who were on oral hypoglycaemic drugs, insulin therapy found to have photodermatitis and localized lipoatrophy. The common associated skin diseases with diabetes mellitus were fungal infection (38%) and viral infections (2%). Unexplained generalized pruritus was observed in (17%) cases, followed by pruritus ani is (3%) and prurigo simplex in (1%). Cutaneous markers of diabetes i.e acrochordons were observed in 17% cases. The other manifestations observed were lichen planus (6%), PLE (3%), psoriasis (3%), vitiligo (2%), Kyrles disease (2%), infected eczema (2%), scabies (2%), lichen simplex chronicus (2%) and pemphigus vulgaris (1%). Conclusions:The physicians should be aware of cutaneous manifestations in diabetes mellitus. Where the ignorance of skin manifestations in diabetes or improper treatment may makes the condition worse. The early detection and early treatment of common skin manifestations in diabetes will prevent further complications or ineffectiveness due to treatment especially in cases of carbuncle, extensive tinea corporis, psoriasis, lichen planus, macro and micro angiopathies, trohic ulcers etc. A well-controlled diabetes by drugs, diet and exercise will allow the patient to lead a normal life like any other normal individuals.

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