No abstract

Slobodan Miko & Mladen Kuhta & Sanja Kapelj: Ocena okoljske geokemije v jami Modri}a na Hrva{kem, preden bo odprta za turizemIzdelana je bila predhodna podrobna {tudija jame Modri}a, {e preden bi jo uredili za turisti~ni obisk. Meljasta ilovica z guanom vsebuje mnogo kremena, ilita in taranakita ter manj{e koli~ine vivianita in visoke koncentracije bakra (2869 mg/kg), cinka (951 mg/kg) in kadmija (28 mg/kg). Sedimenti, pome{ani z guanom, so obogateni z rahlim REE in s povi{animi koncentracijami U, Th in Hg. Sedimenti z delci kosti vsebujejo kremen, ilit, kalcit in hidroxylapatit, a manj carnalita in nizke vrednosti te`kih mineralov. Vsi analizirani sedimenti ka`ejo razli~no stopnjo kontaminacije Cu in Zn zaradi razsutega guana. Ve~ina Zn in Cu v jamskih sedimentih kot tudi hidroxylapatitna skorja so v zvezi z `elezovim in manganovim hidroksidom ter organskimi delci. Organski delci v vzorcih sedimentov so pomembni, ker ka`ejo neposredni vpliv guana in hidroxylapatitnih skorij, medtem ko je v vzorcih sedimentov z drobci kosti najpomembnej{i hidroksid. V dveh primerih smo opazovali vpliv guana na prenikajo~o vodo v levem rovu, kjer je ve~ja koncentracija ortofosfatov glede na hidroxylapatit. A comprehensive study of Modri} cave was undertaken to evaluate the baseline conditions before its utilization for tourism. Silty loams with guano contain abundant quartz, illite and taranakite and minor vivianite and high concentrations of Cu (2869 mg/kg), Zn (951 mg/kg) and Cd (28 mg/kg). Also sediments mixed with guano are enriched with light REE as well as elevated concentrations of U, Th, Rb and Hg. Sediments with bone fragments contain abundant quartz, illite, calcite and hydroxylapatite and minor carndallite and lower contents of heavy metals. All sediments analysed showed various degrees of contamination by Cu and Zn from dispersed guano. Most of the Zn and Cu in cave sediments and the hydroxyl-apatite crusts are mainly controlled by the iron and manganese hydroxide and the organic fractions, the organic fraction plays an important role in sediment samples with direct influence of guano and in hydroxylapatite crusts while in samples with bone fragments the hydroxide control is dominant. Guano influence on the percolating waters was observed in two cases in the left channel where due to the higher content of orthophosphates saturation in respect to hydroxyl-apatite is present.

In lakes, several physical, chemical, and biological processes occur simultaneously, and these processes are interconnected. Therefore, the investigation of lakes requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes physics (including the physics of the atmosphere, i.e., meteorology), chemistry, geology, hydrogeology, hydrology and biology. Each of these disciplines addresses a lake from a different point of view. However, lake studies that primarily belong to one field, at least to some extent, report their findings in ways that are associated with other fields; this type of reporting is caused by the inherent interconnections between phenomena from different disciplines. Plitvice Lakes, Croatia, are composed of a unique cascading chain of karst lakes, and these lakes have been investigated by numerous authors. Here, we provide an overview of the studies of the Plitvice Lakes Area (PLA) that address meteorology, climatology, hydrology, hydrogeochemistry and physical limnology. Our aim is to synthesize the results from each of these disciplines and make them available to scientists from other related disciplines; thus, this review will facilitate further investigations of the PLA within the natural sciences. In addition, valuable results from early investigations of Plitvice Lakes are generally unavailable to the broader scientific community, and are written in Croatian. Here, we summarize these results and make them available to a wider audience.

No abstract